Emergence of quadrupole and octupole collectivity near <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>40</mn></mrow></math> : Coulomb excitation of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mi>Mo</mi><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mn>92</mn></mmultiscripts></math>

J. Heery; J. Henderson; E. Yüksel; J. A. Purcell; B. A. Brown; A. D. Ayangeakaa; L. Canete; S. Carmichael; M. Carpenter; W. N. Catford; P. Copp; C. Cousins; M. Devlin; D. T. Doherty; L. P. Gaffney; P. E. Garrett; K. Hadyńska-Klęk; H. Jayatissa; S. Kisyov; F. Kondev; D. Lascar; T. Lauritsen; G. Lotay; C. Müller-Gatermann; S. Nandi; C. O'Shea; C. Paxman; S. Pascu; Z. Podolyak; B. J. Reed; P. H. Regan; W. Reviol; E. Rubino; R. Russell; D. Seweryniak; M. Siciliano; G. L. Wilson; K. Wrzosek-Lipska; C. Y. Wu

doi:10.1103/n2jr-6c42

Emergence of quadrupole and octupole collectivity near $N = 50$ and $Z = 40$ : Coulomb excitation of ${}^{92}{Mo}$

J. Heery ^1,2,*, J. Henderson ¹, E. Yüksel ¹, J. A. Purcell ^3,4, B. A. Brown^3,4, A. D. Ayangeakaa ^5,6, L. Canete¹, S. Carmichael ⁷, M. Carpenter⁸ et al.

W. N. Catford ¹, P. Copp^8,†, C. Cousins ¹, M. Devlin ⁹, D. T. Doherty ¹, L. P. Gaffney ¹⁰, P. E. Garrett ¹¹, K. Hadyńska-Klęk¹², H. Jayatissa ⁸, S. Kisyov^13,‡, F. Kondev ⁸, D. Lascar¹⁴, T. Lauritsen⁸, G. Lotay ¹, C. Müller-Gatermann ⁸, S. Nandi⁸, C. O'Shea ¹, C. Paxman ^1,§, S. Pascu ^1,15, Z. Podolyak¹, B. J. Reed ^1,∥, P. H. Regan ^1,2, W. Reviol ⁸, E. Rubino ^4,¶, R. Russell ^1,**, D. Seweryniak⁸, M. Siciliano ⁸, G. L. Wilson ^8,16,††, K. Wrzosek-Lipska ¹², and C. Y. Wu ¹³

¹School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
²National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
³Department of Astronomy and Physics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
⁴Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
⁵University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
⁶Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
⁷Department of Physics and The Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
⁸Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
⁹Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
¹⁰Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
¹¹Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada
¹²Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
¹³Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
¹⁴Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
¹⁵“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, R-77125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
¹⁶Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA

^*Contact author: j.heery@surrey.ac.uk
^†Present Address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
^‡Present Address: Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
^§Present Address: Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Bvd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen, France.
^∥Present Address: TRIUMF, Vancouver V6T 2A3, British Columbia, Canada.
^¶Present Address: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
^**Present Address: AWE PLC, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom.
^††Present Address: UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.

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Phys. Rev. C 114, 024338 – Published 25 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n2jr-6c42

Abstract

The collective structure of low-lying states in the $N = 50$ nucleus ${}^{92}{Mo}$ $(Z = 42)$ has been investigated through sub-barrier Coulomb excitation using the CHICO2 device coupled to the $γ$ -ray energy tracking in-beam nuclear array (GRETINA). Quadrupole and octupole collective properties are measured for the $2_{1}^{+}$ , $2_{2}^{+}$ , $2_{3}^{+}$ , $2_{4}^{+}$ , and $3_{1}^{-}$ states. The spectroscopic quadrupole moment for the $2_{1}^{+}$ state is measured to be $Q_{s} = 0.23 (8) e b$ , showing a weakly deformed oblate nature in good agreement with recent state-of-the-art Shell-Model calculations. A modest reduced electric-octupole transition strength of $B (E 3; 3_{1}^{-} \to 0_{1}^{+}) = 15 (3) W . u .$ is obtained, in disagreement with the literature, revealing an emerging tension in the strength of octupole collectivity for the $N = 50$ nuclei between historic $(e, e^{'})$ and $(p, p^{'})$ experiments and more recent experiments utilizing Coulomb excitation and lifetime plus branching-ratio data.

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Emergence of quadrupole and octupole collectivity near $N = 50$ and $Z = 40$ : Coulomb excitation of ${}^{92}{Mo}$

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Emergence of quadrupole and octupole collectivity near N=50 and Z=40 : Coulomb excitation of Mo92

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Emergence of quadrupole and octupole collectivity near $N = 50$ and $Z = 40$ : Coulomb excitation of ${}^{92}{Mo}$