Glauber predictions for oxygen and neon collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
Phys. Rev. C 113, 014914 – Published 29 January, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mkp8-zgxh
Abstract
The Glauber model is a widely used framework for describing the initial conditions in high-energy nuclear collisions. TGlauberMC is a Monte Carlo implementation of this model that enables detailed, event-by-event calculations across various collision systems. In this work, I present an updated version of TGlauberMC (v3.3), which incorporates recent theoretical developments and improved parametrizations, especially relevant for small collision systems. I focus on the oxygen–oxygen (OO), neon–neon (NeNe), and proton-oxygen () collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in July 2025, where precise modeling of nuclear geometry and fluctuations is essential. The updated version includes revised nuclear density profiles and an enhanced treatment of nucleon substructure. Geometrical cross sections for all relevant collision systems are calculated, and initial-state observables are explored to provide predictions for particle production trends at TeV. In particular, a prediction for the centrality dependence of midrapidity multiplicity in OO and NeNe collisions is obtained. The updated code is publicly available to support the heavy-ion community with a robust and flexible tool for studying strongly interacting matter in small and intermediate-sized nuclear systems.
