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    Sn117m and Te119m production via proton bombardment on natural antimony and implications for modeling charged-particle reactions

    Catherine E. Apgar1,*,†, Andrew S. Voyles1,‡, Jon C. Batchelder1, Cathy S. Cutler2, Morgan B. Fox1,§, Yun-Hsuan Lee1, Dmitri G. Medvedev2, Jonathan T. Morrell3,∥, Ellen M. O'Brien3 et al.

    Michael Skulski2,¶, C. Etienne Vermeulen3, and Lee A. Bernstein1,4

    • *Contact author: ceapgar@lanl.gov
    • †Present address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA.
    • ‡Contact author: andrew.voyles@berkeley.edu
    • §Present address: Terrestrial Energy, Oakville, Ontario L6H 0C3, CA, USA.
    • ∥Present address: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
    • Present address: NorthStar Medical Radioisotopes, LLC, Beloit, Wisconsin 53511, USA.

    Phys. Rev. C 114, 014610 – Published 7 July, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mj27-xrtf

    Abstract

    Sn117m and Sb119, the latter of which is produced via a Te119m generator, are promising radionuclides for the targeted treatment of both osteoarthritis and small mass tumors via Auger therapy. Experiments were conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Brookhaven National Laboratory to measure the Sbnat(p,x)Sn117m and Sbnat(p,x)Te119m cross sections for incident proton energies up to 200 MeV. Additional measurements for coproduced isotopes are included as well. In addition to this dataset, this paper investigates improvements for proton-induced reaction modeling capabilities through comparison of these experimental dataset against theoretical models in TALYS 1.95. Parameter adjustments affecting level density, optical model potential, and preequilibrium emission were explored, with a goodness-of-fit metric established by the largest independent cross-section channels and cross-validated with remaining channels.

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