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Suppression of neutral-pion production in deep-inelastic scattering off nuclei with the CLAS detector

T. Mineeva1,2,*, W. K. Brooks3,2,4,5,37, A. El Alaoui3,2, H. Hakobyan3,2, K. Joo6, J. A. López3, O. Soto7, P. Achenbach5, Z. Akbar35 et al. (CLAS Collaboration)

Z. Akbar35, J. S. Alvarado28, W. R. Armstrong8, M. Arratia51, H. Atac48, H. Avagyan5, C. Ayerbe Gayoso55, L. Baashen18, L. Barion22, M. Bashkanov53, I. Bedlinskiy36, B. Benkel3, F. Benmokhtar15, A. Bianconi50,27, A. S. Biselli16, F. Bossù13, S. Boiarinov5, K. T. Brinkmann42, W. J. Briscoe20, V. D. Burkert5, T. Cao5, R. Capobianco6, D. S. Carman5, J. C. Carvajal18, A. Celentano24, P. Chatagnon5, V. Chesnokov46, T. Chetry18,34,40, G. Ciullo22,17, P. L. Cole32, M. Contalbrigo22, G. Costantini50,27, A. D'Angelo25,45, N. Dashyan56, R. De Vita24, M. Defurne13, A. Deur5, S. Diehl42,6, C. Djalali40,47, R. Dupre28, H. Egiyan5, L. El Fassi34, P. Eugenio19, S. Fegan53, A. Filippi26, G. Gavalian5,37, G. P. Gilfoyle44, F. X. Girod5, A. A. Golubenko46, G. Gosta27, R. W. Gothe47, K. A. Griffioen55, L. Guo18, K. Hafidi8, M. Hattawy41,8, F. Hauenstein5,41, T. B. Hayward6, D. Heddle14,5, A. Hobart28, M. Holtrop37, Y. C. Hung41, Y. Ilieva47, D. G. Ireland52, E. L. Isupov46, H. S. Jo31, D. Keller54, A. Khanal18, M. Khandaker57, W. Kim31, F. J. Klein12, V. Klimenko6, A. Kripko42, V. Kubarovsky5, S. E. Kuhn41, L. Lanza25,45, M. Leali50,27, S. Lee8, P. Lenisa22,17, X. Li33, I. J. D. MacGregor52, D. Marchand28, V. Mascagna50,49,27, B. McKinnon52, S. Migliorati50,27, R. G. Milner33, M. Mirazita23, V. Mokeev5, P. Moran33, C. Munoz Camacho28, P. Nadel-Turonski5, K. Neupane47, D. Nguyen5, S. Niccolai28, G. Niculescu30, M. Osipenko24, A. I. Ostrovidov19, M. Ouillon28, P. Pandey41, M. Paolone38,48, L. L. Pappalardo22,17, R. Paremuzyan5, E. Pasyuk5, S. J. Paul51, W. Phelps14,20, N. Pilleux28, M. Pokhrel41, J. Poudel5,41, J. W. Price9, Y. Prok41,54, A. Radic3, N. Ramasubramanian13, T. Reed18, J. Richards6, M. Ripani24, J. Ritman21,29, G. Rosner52, F. Sabatié13, C. Salgado39, S. Schadmand21, A. Schmidt20,33, R. A. Schumacher11, M. Scott8, E. V. Shirokov46, U. Shrestha6, D. Sokhan13,52, N. Sparveris48, M. Spreafico24, S. Stepanyan5, I. I. Strakovsky20, S. Strauch47,20, J. A. Tan31, N. Trotta6, R. Tyson52, M. Ungaro5,43, S. Vallarino22, L. Venturelli50,27, H. Voskanyan56, E. Voutier28, D. P. Watts53, X. Wei5, L. B. Weinstein41, R. Williams53, R. Wishart52, M. H. Wood10, M. Yurov34, N. Zachariou53, and M. Zurek8 (CLAS Collaboration)

  • 1Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Juan Cisternas 1200, La Serena, Chile
  • 2Center for Science and Technology of Valparaíso 699, Valparaíso, Chile
  • 3Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla, 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
  • 4SAPHIR Millennium Science Institute, Santiago, Chile
  • 5Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 6University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
  • 7Universidad de La Serena, 1720170 La Serena, Chile
  • 8Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 9California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
  • 10Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
  • 11Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
  • 12Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
  • 13IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 14Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 15Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
  • 16Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
  • 17Università di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
  • 18Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
  • 19Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
  • 20The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
  • 21GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 22INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
  • 23INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
  • 24INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
  • 25INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
  • 26INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
  • 27INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
  • 28Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 29Institut für Kernphysik (Juelich), Juelich 52428, Germany
  • 30James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
  • 31Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
  • 32Lamar University, 4400 MLK Boulevard, PO Box 10046, Beaumont, TeXas 77710, USA
  • 33Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
  • 34Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
  • 35National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
  • 36National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute - ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
  • 37University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
  • 38New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
  • 39Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
  • 40Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
  • 41Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
  • 42II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
  • 43Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
  • 44University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
  • 45Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome Italy
  • 46Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
  • 47University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
  • 48Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
  • 49Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
  • 50Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
  • 51University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
  • 52University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
  • 53University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
  • 54University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
  • 55College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
  • 56Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
  • 57Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA

  • *Contact author: mineeva@jlab.org
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Phys. Rev. C 112, 035203 – Published 4 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kbhz-h4jv

Abstract

We present the first threefold differential measurement for neutral-pion multiplicity ratios produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic electron scattering on carbon, iron, and lead nuclei normalized to deuterium from CLAS at Jefferson Lab. We found that the neutral-pion multiplicity ratio is maximally suppressed for the leading hadrons (energy fraction z→ 1), suppression varying from 25% in carbon up to 75% in lead. An enhancement of the multiplicity ratio at low z and high pT2 is observed, suggesting an interconnection between these two variables. This behavior is qualitatively similar to the previous twofold differential measurement of charged pions by the HERMES Collaboration and, recently, by CLAS Collaboration. The largest enhancement was observed at high pT2 for heavier nuclei, namely, iron and lead, while the smallest enhancement was observed for the lightest nucleus, carbon. This behavior suggests a competition between partonic multiple scattering, which causes enhancement, and hadronic inelastic scattering, which causes suppression.

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Phys. Rev. C 112, 035203– Published 4 September, 2025
  • Received 25 June 2024
  • Revised 26 March 2025
  • Accepted 5 August 2025
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