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  • Open Access

Flow in small systems in the EPOS4 approach for high-energy scattering

K. Werner*

  • SUBATECH, Nantes University–IN2P3/CNRS–IMT Atlantique, Nantes, France

  • *Contact author: werner@subatech.in2p3.fr
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Phys. Rev. C 113, 014911 – Published 22 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hjb8-pv7p

Abstract

EPOS4 is based on a sophisticated (recently significantly improved) parallel-primary-scattering scenario followed by a hydrodynamic expansion, for all collision systems, from small ones such as proton-proton (pp) to large ones such as lead-lead (PbPb). Having already reported on identified particle spectra in recent publications (providing information about radial flow), I discuss here the multiplicity dependence of multiparticle cumulants and flow harmonics, to better understand collectivity in small systems. The model is not particularly tuned for flow results, but it is a “general purpose” approach, trying to accommodate various types of observables with the same model.

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Phys. Rev. C 113, 014911– Published 22 January, 2026
  • Received 13 August 2025
  • Accepted 3 December 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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