The ability of the radial basis function (RBF) approach to extrapolate the nuclear masses and $\alpha$-decay energies is systematically investigated using eight nuclear mass models. The effective extrapolation distance of the RBF approach is found to be proportional to the root-mean-square deviation between model predictions and experimental data for known nuclei. Extended extrapolation distances may indicate missing physical mechanisms in the original nuclear mass models. For most models, the RBF approach demonstrates greater improvement in prediction accuracy for neutron-rich nuclei compared to proton-rich systems. In the superheavy region, combining the RBF approach with existing mass models through direct learning of known masses does not significantly enhance $\alpha$-decay energy prediction accuracy for nuclei with $Z>110$. However, applying the RBF approach to directly learn known $\alpha$-decay energies rather than nuclear masses proves more effective for enhancing prediction accuracy in this region. The $\alpha$-decay energies of 125 superheavy nuclei with $Z=111–120$ are predicted.

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• Alpha decay
• Binding energy & masses
• Nuclear structure & decays