Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion

Yiyang Peng; Victor E. Ambruş; Clemens Werthmann; Sören Schlichting; Ulrich Heinz; Huichao Song

doi:10.1103/gbpd-m1mh

Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion

Yiyang Peng^1,*, Victor E. Ambruş ^2,†, Clemens Werthmann ^3,‡, Sören Schlichting^4,§, Ulrich Heinz ^5,∥, and Huichao Song^1,6,¶

¹School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
²Department of Physics, West University of Timişoara, Bd. Vasile Pârvan 4, Timişoara 300223, Romania
³Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
⁴Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
⁵Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1117, USA
⁶Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

^*Contact author: yiyangpeng@stu.pku.edu.cn
^†Contact author: victor.ambrus@e-uvt.ro
^‡Contact author: clemens.werthmann@ugent.be
^§Contact author: schlichting@physik.uni-bielefeld.de
^∥Contact author: heinz.9@osu.edu
^¶Contact author: huichaosong@pku.edu.cn

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Phys. Rev. C 113, 024918 – Published 24 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gbpd-m1mh

Abstract

We perform ( $2 + 1$ )-dimensional simulations of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics (VAH) under boost-invariant and conformal conditions. Comparing both VAH and traditional viscous hydrodynamics with kinetic theory in the relaxation-time approximation as the underlying microscopic theory, we show that VAH provides a superior description of the evolution across a wide range of opacity, effectively extending the applicability of hydrodynamic modeling. Our results demonstrate VAH's potential for describing collective flow in small systems where traditional hydrodynamics faces challenges.

Physical Review C

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Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion

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Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion

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