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    Reentrance of proton-neutron pairing in hot nuclear systems

    T. Vu Dong1,2,3, Alan A. Dzhioev3,*, A. I. Vdovin3, and N. Quang Hung1,2,†

    • *Contact author: dzhioev@theor.jinr.ru
    • †Contact author: nguyenquanghung5@duytan.edu.vn

    Phys. Rev. C 114, 034303 – Published 3 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g1j9-wwp2

    Abstract

    We develop a generalized finite-temperature proton-neutron BCS framework using the superoperator formalism, incorporating both isovector and isoscalar monopole pairing channels. Numerical calculations for a schematic equidistant multilevel model and realistic even-even Ge isotopes demonstrate the emergence of proton-neutron (pn) pairing reentrance in even-even asymmetric (N>Z) nuclei with preexisting like-nucleon pairing correlations. This nonmonotonic behavior arises from thermal excitations that partially lift Pauli blocking of single-particle orbitals near the chemical potentials, thereby enlarging the phase space for pn pair formation. We uncover a delicate interplay between thermal unblocking and like-nucleon pairing, which can either suppress or enhance pn correlations depending on temperature and shell filling. A qualitative analysis of Fermi charge-exchange strength functions in hot Ge72, which neglects the residual interaction between thermal quasiparticles, suggests that pn pairing reentrance may alter the transition strength distribution around T≈1 MeV. This indicates that finite-temperature pn correlations could potentially impact stellar weak-interaction rates in rp-process and supernova environments.

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