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    Triaxiality and shape dynamics in Ge70

    T. M. Kowalewski1,2,*, A. D. Ayangeakaa1,2,†, N. Sensharma1,2,‡, R. V. F. Janssens1,2, Y. M. Wang3, Q. B. Chen3, J. M. Allmond4, C. M. Campbell5, S. Carmichael6 et al.

    M. P. Carpenter7, P. Copp7,§, C. Cousins8, M. Devlin9, U. Garg6, C. Müller-Gatermann7, T. J. Gray4,∥, D. J. Hartley10, J. Heery8, J. Henderson8, H. Jayatissa7,§, S. R. Johnson1,2, S. P. Kisyov11,¶, F. G. Kondev7, T. Lauritsen7, S. Nandi7, R. Rathod6, W. Reviol7, M. Rocchini12,**, E. Rubino13, R. Russell8, A. Saracino1,2, D. Seweryniak7, M. Siciliano7, and C. Y. Wu11

    • *Contact author: tyler.kowalewski@unc.edu
    • †Contact author: ayangeak@unc.edu
    • ‡Present address: Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
    • §Present address: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
    • ∥Present address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37966, USA.
    • Present address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
    • **Present address: INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze I-50019, Italy.

    Phys. Rev. C 112, 034332 – Published 25 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cmks-jst1

    Abstract

    The electromagnetic properties of low-lying states in Ge70 were investigated via multistep Coulomb excitation of a Ge70 beam impinging on a Pb208 target at the ATLAS facility of the Argonne National Laboratory. A total of 27 transitional elements and six diagonal matrix elements coupling 11 low-lying states were extracted from the measured cross sections. These were used to calculate reduced transition probabilities, spectroscopic quadrupole moments, and rotational invariant shape parameters, providing enhanced precision and expanding on previous studies. The experimental data were compared within several theoretical frameworks, including the generalized triaxial rotor model, configuration-interaction shell-model calculations, and computations within the combined frameworks of relativistic density functional theory and the five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian. The results demonstrate a good agreement with the experimental data and, in conjunction with calculations using a two-state mixing model, support significant triaxiality and strong mixing between the 01+ and 02+ states. This results in the magnitudes of their respective quadrupole deformations [βrms(01+)=0.228(3), βrms(02+)=0.273(1)] being more similar than previously observed. The implications of these results for understanding the complex shape coexistence phenomena, the role of triaxiality, and shape evolution along the Ge isotopic chain are discussed.

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