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    Data-driven analysis for the bottomonium potential in the quark-gluon plasma

    Shuhan Zheng1,2,*, Baoyi Chen2,†, Xiaojian Du3,4,5,6,7,‡, and Shuzhe Shi1,8,§

    • *Contact author: zhengsh24@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: baoyi.chen@tju.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: xiaojiandu@outlook.com
    • §Contact author: shuzhe-shi@tsinghua.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. C 114, 024912 – Published 31 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/b8n3-yrq1

    Abstract

    We present a data-driven analysis within a quantum evolutionary microscopic framework to constrain the in-medium bottomonium potential. In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, bottomonium bound states serve as invaluable probes of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) owing to their negligible production in the QGP phase. Meanwhile, their nonrelativistic nature allows a straightforward theoretical description via effective field theories such as potential models. Recent lattice QCD calculations of the bottomonium interaction potential have yielded qualitatively distinct results. These discrepancies motivate a data-driven extraction of the potential based on heavy-ion experiments. In this work, we perform a Bayesian analysis to constrain the bottomonium interaction potential. The relationship between potential parameters and observables is established by numerically solving the nonrelativistic time-dependent Schrödinger equation. By comparing these simulations with experimental measurements, our Bayesian framework provides the effective potential that is readily testable in future experiments.

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