Negative components are observed in the representation $d^2\left(\sigma E\right)/d{E}^2$ in heavy-ion fusions related to recent studies of noticeable oscillations in the high-energy region of the fusion excitation functions. A modified multi-Gaussian model has been developed, which includes contributions for both positive and negative components in the $d^2\left(\sigma E\right)/d{E}^2$ representation. The model reproduces the heavy-ion fusion excitation functions very well, including oscillations. The property of these negative components in the $d^2\left(\sigma E\right)/d{E}^2$ spectrum and the reaction mechanism of fusion at energies above the Coulomb barrier are investigated. The model also reproduces well light heavy-ion fusion reactions between ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ at high energy; results imply that the compound nucleus channel effect may have an important contribution at the high energy region for all fusion systems.

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• Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
• Models & methods for nuclear reactions
• Nuclear fusion
• Nuclear reactions