Letter
Open Access

Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02 TeV$ at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

S. Acharya ^125,132, D. Adamová ⁸⁶, A. Adler⁶⁹, G. Aglieri Rinella ³², M. Agnello ²⁹, N. Agrawal ⁵⁰, Z. Ahammed ¹³², S. Ahmad ¹⁵, S. U. Ahn ⁷⁰ et al. (ALICE Collaboration)

S. U. Ahn ⁷⁰, I. Ahuja ³⁷, A. Akindinov ¹⁴⁰, M. Al-Turany ⁹⁸, D. Aleksandrov ¹⁴⁰, B. Alessandro ⁵⁵, H. M. Alfanda ⁶, R. Alfaro Molina ⁶⁶, B. Ali ¹⁵, Y. Ali¹³, A. Alici ²⁵, N. Alizadehvandchali ¹¹⁴, A. Alkin ³², J. Alme ²⁰, G. Alocco ⁵¹, T. Alt ⁶³, I. Altsybeev ¹⁴⁰, M. N. Anaam ⁶, C. Andrei ⁴⁵, A. Andronic ¹³⁵, V. Anguelov ⁹⁵, F. Antinori ⁵³, P. Antonioli ⁵⁰, C. Anuj ¹⁵, N. Apadula ⁷⁴, L. Aphecetche ¹⁰⁴, H. Appelshäuser ⁶³, C. Arata ⁷³, S. Arcelli ²⁵, M. Aresti ⁵¹, R. Arnaldi ⁵⁵, I. C. Arsene ¹⁹, M. Arslandok ¹³⁷, A. Augustinus ³², R. Averbeck ⁹⁸, S. Aziz ⁷², M. D. Azmi ¹⁵, A. Badalà ⁵², Y. W. Baek ⁴⁰, X. Bai ¹¹⁸, R. Bailhache ⁶³, Y. Bailung ⁴⁷, R. Bala ⁹¹, A. Balbino ²⁹, A. Baldisseri ¹²⁸, B. Balis ², D. Banerjee ⁴, Z. Banoo ⁹¹, R. Barbera ²⁶, L. Barioglio ⁹⁶, M. Barlou⁷⁸, G. G. Barnaföldi ¹³⁶, L. S. Barnby ⁸⁵, V. Barret ¹²⁵, L. Barreto ¹¹⁰, C. Bartels ¹¹⁷, K. Barth ³², E. Bartsch ⁶³, F. Baruffaldi ²⁷, N. Bastid ¹²⁵, S. Basu ⁷⁵, G. Batigne ¹⁰⁴, D. Battistini ⁹⁶, B. Batyunya ¹⁴¹, D. Bauri⁴⁶, J. L. Bazo Alba ¹⁰², I. G. Bearden ⁸³, C. Beattie ¹³⁷, P. Becht ⁹⁸, D. Behera ⁴⁷, I. Belikov ¹²⁷, A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria ¹³⁵, F. Bellini ²⁵, R. Bellwied ¹¹⁴, S. Belokurova ¹⁴⁰, V. Belyaev ¹⁴⁰, G. Bencedi ^136,64, S. Beole ²⁴, A. Bercuci ⁴⁵, Y. Berdnikov ¹⁴⁰, A. Berdnikova ⁹⁵, L. Bergmann ⁹⁵, M. G. Besoiu ⁶², L. Betev ³², P. P. Bhaduri ¹³², A. Bhasin ⁹¹, M. A. Bhat ⁴, B. Bhattacharjee ⁴¹, L. Bianchi ²⁴, N. Bianchi ⁴⁸, J. Bielčík ³⁵, J. Bielčíková ⁸⁶, J. Biernat ¹⁰⁷, A. P. Bigot ¹²⁷, A. Bilandzic ⁹⁶, G. Biro ¹³⁶, S. Biswas ⁴, N. Bize ¹⁰⁴, J. T. Blair ¹⁰⁸, D. Blau ¹⁴⁰, M. B. Blidaru ⁹⁸, N. Bluhme³⁸, C. Blume ⁶³, G. Boca ^21,54, F. Bock ⁸⁷, T. Bodova ²⁰, A. Bogdanov¹⁴⁰, S. Boi ²², J. Bok ⁵⁷, L. Boldizsár ¹³⁶, A. Bolozdynya ¹⁴⁰, M. Bombara ³⁷, P. M. Bond ³², G. Bonomi ^131,54, H. Borel ¹²⁸, A. Borissov ¹⁴⁰, H. Bossi ¹³⁷, E. Botta ²⁴, L. Bratrud ⁶³, P. Braun-Munzinger ⁹⁸, M. Bregant ¹¹⁰, M. Broz ³⁵, G. E. Bruno ^97,31, M. D. Buckland ¹¹⁷, D. Budnikov ¹⁴⁰, H. Buesching ⁶³, S. Bufalino ²⁹, O. Bugnon¹⁰⁴, P. Buhler ¹⁰³, Z. Buthelezi ^67,121, J. B. Butt¹³, A. Bylinkin ¹¹⁶, S. A. Bysiak¹⁰⁷, M. Cai ^27,6, H. Caines ¹³⁷, A. Caliva ⁹⁸, E. Calvo Villar ¹⁰², J. M. M. Camacho ¹⁰⁹, P. Camerini ²³, F. D. M. Canedo ¹¹⁰, M. Carabas ¹²⁴, F. Carnesecchi ³², R. Caron ¹²⁶, J. Castillo Castellanos ¹²⁸, F. Catalano ^24,29, C. Ceballos Sanchez ¹⁴¹, I. Chakaberia ⁷⁴, P. Chakraborty ⁴⁶, S. Chandra ¹³², S. Chapeland ³², M. Chartier ¹¹⁷, S. Chattopadhyay ¹³², S. Chattopadhyay ¹⁰⁰, T. G. Chavez ⁴⁴, T. Cheng ⁶, C. Cheshkov ¹²⁶, B. Cheynis ¹²⁶, V. Chibante Barroso ³², D. D. Chinellato ¹¹¹, E. S. Chizzali ^96,a, J. Cho ⁵⁷, S. Cho ⁵⁷, P. Chochula ³², P. Christakoglou ⁸⁴, C. H. Christensen ⁸³, P. Christiansen ⁷⁵, T. Chujo ¹²³, M. Ciacco ²⁹, C. Cicalo ⁵¹, L. Cifarelli ²⁵, F. Cindolo ⁵⁰, M. R. Ciupek⁹⁸, G. Clai^50,b, F. Colamaria ⁴⁹, J. S. Colburn¹⁰¹, D. Colella ^97,31, A. Collu⁷⁴, M. Colocci ³², M. Concas ^55,c, G. Conesa Balbastre ⁷³, Z. Conesa del Valle ⁷², G. Contin ²³, J. G. Contreras ³⁵, M. L. Coquet ¹²⁸, T. M. Cormier^87,d, P. Cortese ^130,55, M. R. Cosentino ¹¹², F. Costa ³², S. Costanza ^21,54, P. Crochet ¹²⁵, R. Cruz-Torres ⁷⁴, E. Cuautle⁶⁴, P. Cui ⁶, L. Cunqueiro⁸⁷, A. Dainese ⁵³, M. C. Danisch ⁹⁵, A. Danu ⁶², P. Das ⁸⁰, P. Das ⁴, S. Das ⁴, A. R. Dash ¹³⁵, S. Dash ⁴⁶, A. De Caro ²⁸, G. de Cataldo ⁴⁹, L. De Cilladi ²⁴, J. de Cuveland³⁸, A. De Falco ²², D. De Gruttola ²⁸, N. De Marco ⁵⁵, C. De Martin ²³, S. De Pasquale ²⁸, S. Deb ⁴⁷, R. J. Debski ², K. R. Deja¹³³, R. Del Grande ⁹⁶, L. Dello Stritto ²⁸, W. Deng ⁶, P. Dhankher ¹⁸, D. Di Bari ³¹, A. Di Mauro ³², R. A. Diaz ^141,7, T. Dietel ¹¹³, Y. Ding ^126,6, R. Divià ³², D. U. Dixit ¹⁸, Ø. Djuvsland²⁰, U. Dmitrieva ¹⁴⁰, A. Dobrin ⁶², B. Dönigus ⁶³, A. K. Dubey ¹³², J. M. Dubinski¹³³, A. Dubla ⁹⁸, S. Dudi ⁹⁰, P. Dupieux ¹²⁵, M. Durkac¹⁰⁶, N. Dzalaiova¹², T. M. Eder ¹³⁵, R. J. Ehlers ⁸⁷, V. N. Eikeland²⁰, F. Eisenhut ⁶³, D. Elia ⁴⁹, B. Erazmus ¹⁰⁴, F. Ercolessi ²⁵, F. Erhardt ⁸⁹, M. R. Ersdal²⁰, B. Espagnon ⁷², G. Eulisse ³², D. Evans ¹⁰¹, S. Evdokimov ¹⁴⁰, L. Fabbietti ⁹⁶, M. Faggin ²⁷, J. Faivre ⁷³, F. Fan ⁶, W. Fan ⁷⁴, A. Fantoni ⁴⁸, M. Fasel ⁸⁷, P. Fecchio²⁹, A. Feliciello ⁵⁵, G. Feofilov ¹⁴⁰, A. Fernández Téllez ⁴⁴, M. B. Ferrer ³², A. Ferrero ¹²⁸, C. Ferrero ⁵⁵, A. Ferretti ²⁴, V. J. G. Feuillard ⁹⁵, J. Figiel ¹⁰⁷, V. Filova³⁵, D. Finogeev ¹⁴⁰, F. M. Fionda ⁵¹, G. Fiorenza⁹⁷, F. Flor ¹¹⁴, A. N. Flores ¹⁰⁸, S. Foertsch ⁶⁷, I. Fokin ⁹⁵, S. Fokin ¹⁴⁰, E. Fragiacomo ⁵⁶, E. Frajna ¹³⁶, U. Fuchs ³², N. Funicello ²⁸, C. Furget ⁷³, A. Furs ¹⁴⁰, T. Fusayasu ⁹⁹, J. J. Gaardhøje ⁸³, M. Gagliardi ²⁴, A. M. Gago ¹⁰², A. Gal¹²⁷, C. D. Galvan ¹⁰⁹, D. R. Gangadharan ¹¹⁴, P. Ganoti ⁷⁸, C. Garabatos ⁹⁸, J. R. A. Garcia ⁴⁴, E. Garcia-Solis ⁹, K. Garg ¹⁰⁴, C. Gargiulo ³², A. Garibli⁸¹, K. Garner¹³⁵, A. Gautam ¹¹⁶, M. B. Gay Ducati ⁶⁵, M. Germain ¹⁰⁴, C. Ghosh¹³², S. K. Ghosh⁴, M. Giacalone ²⁵, P. Gianotti ⁴⁸, P. Giubellino ^98,55, P. Giubilato ²⁷, A. M. C. Glaenzer ¹²⁸, P. Glässel ⁹⁵, E. Glimos¹²⁰, D. J. Q. Goh⁷⁶, V. Gonzalez ¹³⁴, L. H. González-Trueba ⁶⁶, M. Gorgon ², L. Görlich ¹⁰⁷, S. Gotovac³³, V. Grabski ⁶⁶, L. K. Graczykowski ¹³³, E. Grecka ⁸⁶, L. Greiner ⁷⁴, A. Grelli ⁵⁸, C. Grigoras ³², V. Grigoriev ¹⁴⁰, S. Grigoryan ^141,1, F. Grosa ³², J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus ³², R. Grosso ⁹⁸, D. Grund ³⁵, G. G. Guardiano ¹¹¹, R. Guernane ⁷³, M. Guilbaud ¹⁰⁴, K. Gulbrandsen ⁸³, T. Gunji ¹²², W. Guo ⁶, A. Gupta ⁹¹, R. Gupta ⁹¹, S. P. Guzman ⁴⁴, L. Gyulai ¹³⁶, M. K. Habib⁹⁸, C. Hadjidakis ⁷², H. Hamagaki ⁷⁶, M. Hamid⁶, Y. Han ¹³⁸, R. Hannigan ¹⁰⁸, M. R. Haque ¹³³, A. Harlenderova⁹⁸, J. W. Harris ¹³⁷, A. Harton ⁹, H. Hassan ⁸⁷, D. Hatzifotiadou ⁵⁰, P. Hauer ⁴², L. B. Havener ¹³⁷, S. T. Heckel ⁹⁶, E. Hellbär ⁹⁸, H. Helstrup ³⁴, T. Herman ³⁵, G. Herrera Corral ⁸, F. Herrmann¹³⁵, S. Herrmann ¹²⁶, K. F. Hetland ³⁴, B. Heybeck ⁶³, H. Hillemanns ³², C. Hills ¹¹⁷, B. Hippolyte ¹²⁷, B. Hofman ⁵⁸, B. Hohlweger ⁸⁴, J. Honermann ¹³⁵, G. H. Hong ¹³⁸, D. Horak ³⁵, A. Horzyk ², R. Hosokawa¹⁴, Y. Hou ⁶, P. Hristov ³², C. Hughes ¹²⁰, P. Huhn⁶³, L. M. Huhta ¹¹⁵, C. V. Hulse ⁷², T. J. Humanic ⁸⁸, H. Hushnud¹⁰⁰, A. Hutson ¹¹⁴, D. Hutter ³⁸, J. P. Iddon ¹¹⁷, R. Ilkaev¹⁴⁰, H. Ilyas ¹³, M. Inaba ¹²³, G. M. Innocenti ³², M. Ippolitov ¹⁴⁰, A. Isakov ⁸⁶, T. Isidori ¹¹⁶, M. S. Islam ¹⁰⁰, M. Ivanov¹², M. Ivanov ⁹⁸, V. Ivanov ¹⁴⁰, V. Izucheev¹⁴⁰, M. Jablonski ², B. Jacak ⁷⁴, N. Jacazio ³², P. M. Jacobs ⁷⁴, S. Jadlovska¹⁰⁶, J. Jadlovsky¹⁰⁶, S. Jaelani ⁸², L. Jaffe³⁸, C. Jahnke¹¹¹, M. A. Janik ¹³³, T. Janson⁶⁹, M. Jercic⁸⁹, O. Jevons¹⁰¹, A. A. P. Jimenez ⁶⁴, F. Jonas ⁸⁷, P. G. Jones¹⁰¹, J. M. Jowett ^32,98, J. Jung ⁶³, M. Jung ⁶³, A. Junique ³², A. Jusko ¹⁰¹, M. J. Kabus ^32,133, J. Kaewjai¹⁰⁵, P. Kalinak ⁵⁹, A. S. Kalteyer ⁹⁸, A. Kalweit ³², V. Kaplin ¹⁴⁰, A. Karasu Uysal ⁷¹, D. Karatovic ⁸⁹, O. Karavichev ¹⁴⁰, T. Karavicheva ¹⁴⁰, P. Karczmarczyk ¹³³, E. Karpechev ¹⁴⁰, V. Kashyap⁸⁰, A. Kazantsev¹⁴⁰, U. Kebschull ⁶⁹, R. Keidel ¹³⁹, D. L. D. Keijdener⁵⁸, M. Keil ³², B. 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Munhoz ¹¹⁰, R. H. Munzer ⁶³, H. Murakami ¹²², S. Murray ¹¹³, L. Musa ³², J. Musinsky ⁵⁹, J. W. Myrcha ¹³³, B. Naik ¹²¹, R. Nair ⁷⁹, A. I. Nambrath ¹⁸, B. K. Nandi⁴⁶, R. Nania ⁵⁰, E. Nappi ⁴⁹, A. F. Nassirpour ⁷⁵, A. Nath ⁹⁵, C. Nattrass ¹²⁰, A. Neagu¹⁹, A. Negru¹²⁴, L. Nellen ⁶⁴, S. V. Nesbo³⁴, G. Neskovic ³⁸, D. Nesterov ¹⁴⁰, B. S. Nielsen ⁸³, E. G. Nielsen ⁸³, S. Nikolaev ¹⁴⁰, S. Nikulin ¹⁴⁰, V. Nikulin ¹⁴⁰, F. Noferini ⁵⁰, S. Noh ¹¹, P. Nomokonov ¹⁴¹, J. Norman ¹¹⁷, N. Novitzky ¹²³, P. Nowakowski ¹³³, A. Nyanin ¹⁴⁰, J. Nystrand ²⁰, M. Ogino ⁷⁶, A. Ohlson ⁷⁵, V. A. Okorokov ¹⁴⁰, J. Oleniacz ¹³³, A. C. Oliveira Da Silva ¹²⁰, M. H. Oliver ¹³⁷, A. Onnerstad ¹¹⁵, C. Oppedisano ⁵⁵, A. Ortiz Velasquez ⁶⁴, A. Oskarsson⁷⁵, J. Otwinowski ¹⁰⁷, M. Oya⁹³, K. Oyama ⁷⁶, Y. Pachmayer ⁹⁵, S. Padhan ⁴⁶, D. Pagano ^131,54, G. Paić ⁶⁴, A. Palasciano ⁴⁹, S. Panebianco ¹²⁸, H. Park ¹²³, J. Park ⁵⁷, J. E. Parkkila ^32,115, S. P. Pathak¹¹⁴, R. N. Patra⁹¹, B. Paul ²², H. Pei ⁶, T. Peitzmann ⁵⁸, X. 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Schambach ⁸⁷, H. S. Scheid ⁶³, C. Schiaua ⁴⁵, R. Schicker ⁹⁵, A. Schmah⁹⁵, C. Schmidt ⁹⁸, H. R. Schmidt⁹⁴, M. O. Schmidt ³², M. Schmidt⁹⁴, N. V. Schmidt ⁸⁷, A. R. Schmier ¹²⁰, R. Schotter ¹²⁷, J. Schukraft ³², K. Schwarz⁹⁸, K. Schweda ⁹⁸, G. Scioli ²⁵, E. Scomparin ⁵⁵, J. E. Seger ¹⁴, Y. Sekiguchi¹²², D. Sekihata ¹²², I. Selyuzhenkov ^98,140, S. Senyukov ¹²⁷, J. J. Seo ⁵⁷, D. Serebryakov ¹⁴⁰, L. Šerkšnytė ⁹⁶, A. Sevcenco ⁶², T. J. Shaba ⁶⁷, A. Shabetai ¹⁰⁴, R. Shahoyan³², A. Shangaraev ¹⁴⁰, A. Sharma⁹⁰, D. Sharma ⁴⁶, H. Sharma ¹⁰⁷, M. Sharma ⁹¹, N. Sharma⁹⁰, S. Sharma ⁷⁶, S. Sharma ⁹¹, U. Sharma ⁹¹, A. Shatat ⁷², O. Sheibani¹¹⁴, K. Shigaki ⁹³, M. Shimomura⁷⁷, S. Shirinkin ¹⁴⁰, Q. Shou ³⁹, Y. Sibiriak ¹⁴⁰, S. Siddhanta ⁵¹, T. Siemiarczuk ⁷⁹, T. F. Silva ¹¹⁰, D. Silvermyr ⁷⁵, T. Simantathammakul¹⁰⁵, R. Simeonov ³⁶, G. Simonetti³², B. Singh⁹¹, B. Singh ⁹⁶, R. Singh ⁸⁰, R. Singh ⁹¹, R. Singh ⁴⁷, S. Singh ¹⁵, V. K. Singh ¹³², V. Singhal ¹³², T. Sinha ¹⁰⁰, B. Sitar ¹², M. Sitta ^130,55, T. B. Skaali¹⁹, G. Skorodumovs ⁹⁵, M. Slupecki ⁴³, N. Smirnov ¹³⁷, R. J. M. Snellings ⁵⁸, E. H. Solheim ¹⁹, C. Soncco¹⁰², J. Song ¹¹⁴, A. Songmoolnak¹⁰⁵, F. Soramel ²⁷, S. Sorensen ¹²⁰, R. Spijkers ⁸⁴, I. Sputowska ¹⁰⁷, J. Staa ⁷⁵, J. Stachel ⁹⁵, I. Stan ⁶², P. J. Steffanic ¹²⁰, S. F. Stiefelmaier ⁹⁵, D. Stocco ¹⁰⁴, I. Storehaug ¹⁹, M. M. Storetvedt ³⁴, P. Stratmann ¹³⁵, S. Strazzi ²⁵, C. P. Stylianidis⁸⁴, A. A. P. Suaide ¹¹⁰, C. Suire ⁷², M. Sukhanov ¹⁴⁰, M. Suljic ³², V. Sumberia ⁹¹, S. Sumowidagdo ⁸², S. Swain⁶⁰, I. Szarka ¹², U. Tabassam¹³, S. F. Taghavi ⁹⁶, G. Taillepied ⁹⁸, J. Takahashi ¹¹¹, G. J. Tambave ²⁰, S. Tang ^125,6, Z. Tang ¹¹⁸, J. D. Tapia Takaki ¹¹⁶, N. Tapus¹²⁴, L. A. Tarasovicova ¹³⁵, M. G. Tarzila ⁴⁵, G. F. Tassielli ³¹, A. Tauro ³², A. Telesca ³², L. Terlizzi ²⁴, C. Terrevoli ¹¹⁴, G. Tersimonov³, D. Thomas ¹⁰⁸, A. Tikhonov ¹⁴⁰, A. R. Timmins ¹¹⁴, M. Tkacik¹⁰⁶, T. Tkacik ¹⁰⁶, A. Toia ⁶³, R. Tokumoto⁹³, N. Topilskaya ¹⁴⁰, M. Toppi ⁴⁸, F. Torales-Acosta¹⁸, T. Tork ⁷², A. G. Torres Ramos ³¹, A. Trifiró ^30,52, A. S. Triolo ^30,52, S. Tripathy ⁵⁰, T. Tripathy ⁴⁶, S. Trogolo ³², V. Trubnikov ³, W. H. Trzaska ¹¹⁵, T. P. Trzcinski ¹³³, R. Turrisi ⁵³, T. S. Tveter ¹⁹, K. Ullaland ²⁰, B. Ulukutlu ⁹⁶, A. Uras ¹²⁶, M. Urioni ^54,131, G. L. Usai ²², M. Vala³⁷, N. Valle ²¹, S. Vallero ⁵⁵, L. V. R. van Doremalen⁵⁸, M. van Leeuwen ⁸⁴, C. A. van Veen ⁹⁵, R. J. G. van Weelden ⁸⁴, P. Vande Vyvre ³², D. Varga ¹³⁶, Z. Varga ¹³⁶, M. Varga-Kofarago ¹³⁶, M. Vasileiou ⁷⁸, A. Vasiliev ¹⁴⁰, O. Vázquez Doce ⁹⁶, V. Vechernin ¹⁴⁰, E. Vercellin ²⁴, S. Vergara Limón⁴⁴, L. Vermunt ⁹⁸, R. Vértesi ¹³⁶, M. Verweij ⁵⁸, L. Vickovic³³, Z. Vilakazi¹²¹, O. Villalobos Baillie ¹⁰¹, G. Vino ⁴⁹, A. Vinogradov ¹⁴⁰, T. Virgili ²⁸, V. Vislavicius⁸³, A. Vodopyanov ¹⁴¹, B. Volkel ³², M. A. Völkl ⁹⁵, K. Voloshin¹⁴⁰, S. A. Voloshin ¹³⁴, G. Volpe ³¹, B. von Haller ³², I. Vorobyev ⁹⁶, N. Vozniuk ¹⁴⁰, J. Vrláková ³⁷, B. Wagner²⁰, C. Wang ³⁹, D. Wang³⁹, M. Weber ¹⁰³, A. Wegrzynek ³², F. T. Weiglhofer³⁸, S. C. Wenzel ³², J. P. Wessels ¹³⁵, S. L. Weyhmiller ¹³⁷, J. Wiechula ⁶³, J. Wikne ¹⁹, G. Wilk ⁷⁹, J. Wilkinson ⁹⁸, G. A. Willems ¹³⁵, B. Windelband⁹⁵, M. Winn ¹²⁸, J. R. Wright ¹⁰⁸, W. Wu³⁹, Y. Wu ¹¹⁸, R. Xu ⁶, A. Yadav ⁴², A. K. Yadav ¹³², S. Yalcin ⁷¹, Y. Yamaguchi⁹³, K. Yamakawa⁹³, S. Yang²⁰, S. Yano ⁹³, Z. Yin ⁶, I.-K. Yoo ¹⁶, J. H. Yoon ⁵⁷, S. Yuan²⁰, A. Yuncu ⁹⁵, V. Zaccolo ²³, C. Zampolli ³², H. J. C. Zanoli⁵⁸, F. Zanone ⁹⁵, N. Zardoshti ^32,101, A. Zarochentsev ¹⁴⁰, P. Závada ⁶¹, N. Zaviyalov¹⁴⁰, M. Zhalov ¹⁴⁰, B. Zhang ⁶, S. Zhang ³⁹, X. Zhang ⁶, Y. Zhang¹¹⁸, Z. Zhang ⁶, M. Zhao ¹⁰, V. Zherebchevskii ¹⁴⁰, Y. Zhi¹⁰, N. Zhigareva¹⁴⁰, D. Zhou ⁶, Y. Zhou ⁸³, J. Zhu ^98,6, Y. Zhu⁶, G. Zinovjev^3,d, and N. Zurlo ^131,54 (ALICE Collaboration)

¹A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
²AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
³Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
⁴Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
⁵California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States
⁶Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
⁷Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
⁸Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
⁹Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
¹⁰China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
¹¹Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
¹²Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
¹³COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹⁴Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
¹⁵Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
¹⁶Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
¹⁷Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹⁸Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
¹⁹Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
²⁰Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
²¹Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
²²Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
²³Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
²⁴Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
²⁵Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
²⁶Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
²⁷Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
²⁸Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
²⁹Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
³⁰Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
³¹Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
³²European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
³³Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
³⁴Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
³⁵Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
³⁶Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
³⁷Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
³⁸Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
³⁹Fudan University, Shanghai, China
⁴⁰Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
⁴¹Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
⁴²Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
⁴³Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
⁴⁴High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
⁴⁵Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
⁴⁶Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
⁴⁷Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
⁴⁸INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
⁴⁹INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
⁵⁰INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
⁵¹INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
⁵²INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
⁵³INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
⁵⁴INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
⁵⁵INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
⁵⁶INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁵⁷Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
⁵⁸Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
⁵⁹Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
⁶⁰Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶¹Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
⁶²Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
⁶³Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
⁶⁴Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁶⁵Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
⁶⁶Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
⁶⁷iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
⁶⁸Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
⁶⁹Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
⁷⁰Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
⁷¹KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
⁷²Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis, Irène Joliot-Curie, Orsay, France
⁷³Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
⁷⁴Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
⁷⁵Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
⁷⁶Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
⁷⁷Nara Women's University (NWU), Nara, Japan
⁷⁸National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
⁷⁹National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
⁸⁰National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
⁸¹National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
⁸²National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
⁸³Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸⁴Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁸⁵Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
⁸⁶Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
⁸⁷Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
⁸⁸Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
⁸⁹Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
⁹⁰Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁹¹Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
⁹²Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
⁹³Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
⁹⁴Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
⁹⁵Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
⁹⁶Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
⁹⁷Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
⁹⁸Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
⁹⁹Saga University, Saga, Japan
¹⁰⁰Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹⁰¹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
¹⁰²Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
¹⁰³Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
¹⁰⁴SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
¹⁰⁵Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
¹⁰⁶Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
¹⁰⁷The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
¹⁰⁸The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
¹⁰⁹Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
¹¹⁰Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹¹Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
¹¹²Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
¹¹³University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
¹¹⁴University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
¹¹⁵University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
¹¹⁶University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
¹¹⁷University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
¹¹⁸University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
¹¹⁹University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
¹²⁰University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
¹²¹University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
¹²²University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
¹²³University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
¹²⁴University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
¹²⁵Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹²⁶Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
¹²⁷Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
¹²⁸Université Paris-Saclay Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
¹²⁹Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
¹³⁰Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
¹³¹Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
¹³²Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
¹³³Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹³⁴Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
¹³⁵Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
¹³⁶Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
¹³⁷Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
¹³⁸Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
¹³⁹Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany
¹⁴⁰Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
¹⁴¹Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^aAlso at: Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany.
^bAlso at: Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy.
^cAlso at: Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
^dDeceased.
^eAlso at: An institution covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^fAlso at: Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
^gAlso at: Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland.

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Phys. Rev. C 107, L051901 – Published 24 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.L051901

Abstract

This Letter reports on the first measurements of transverse momentum dependent flow angle $Ψ_{n}$ and flow magnitude $v_{n}$ fluctuations determined using new four-particle correlators. The measurements are performed for various centralities in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{_{N N}}}$ = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Both flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations are observed in the presented centrality ranges and are strongest in the most central collisions and for a transverse momentum $p_{T} > 2 GeV / c$ . Comparison with theoretical models, including iEBE-VISHNU, MUSIC, and AMPT, show that the measurements exhibit unique sensitivities to the initial state of heavy-ion collisions.

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Article Text

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Phys. Rev. C 107, L051901– Published 24 May, 2023

Vol. 107, Iss. 5 — May 2023

Received 28 June 2022
Revised 13 February 2023
Accepted 20 March 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.107.L051901

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02 TeV$ at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 5.02 TeV$ at the CERN Large Hadron Collider