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Searching for the origin of the rare-earth peak with precision mass measurements across Ce–Eu isotopic chains

R. Orford1,2,3,*, N. Vassh4,†, J. A. Clark2,5, G. C. McLaughlin6, M. R. Mumpower7, D. Ray2,5, G. Savard2,8, R. Surman4, F. Buchinger1 et al.

D. P. Burdette2,4, M. T. Burkey2,8,‡, D. A. Gorelov2,5, J. W. Klimes2,§, W. S. Porter2,∥, K. S. Sharma5, A. A. Valverde2,5, L. Varriano2,8, and X. L. Yan2,9

  • 1Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
  • 2Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 3Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkleley, California 94720, USA
  • 4Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
  • 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
  • 6Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
  • 7Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
  • 8Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 9Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

  • *rorford@lbl.gov
  • †Present address: TRIUMF, 4004 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada; nvassh@triumf.ca
  • ‡Present address: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
  • §Present address: Atomic Physics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany; Heidelberg Graduate School for Fundamental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
  • ∥Present address: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.

Phys. Rev. C 105, L052802 – Published 18 May, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.105.L052802

Abstract

A nuclear mass survey of rare-earth isotopes has been conducted with the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer using the most neutron-rich nuclei thus far extracted from the CARIBU facility. We present a collection of 12 nuclear masses determined with a precision of ≤10 keV/c2 for Z=58–63 nuclei near N=100. Independently, a detailed study exploring the role of nuclear masses in the formation of the r-process rare-earth abundance peak has been performed. Employing a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique, mass predictions of lanthanide isotopes have been made which uniquely reproduce the observed solar abundances near A=164 under three distinct astrophysical outflow conditions. We demonstrate that the mass surface trends thus far mapped out by our measurements are most consistent with MCMC mass predictions given an r process that forms the rare-earth peak during an extended (n,γ)⇄(γ,n) equilibrium.

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