Friction terms in the multifluid description of heavy-ion collisions
Phys. Rev. C 113, 034908 – Published 11 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9q4m-y837
Abstract
In the multifluid description of heavy-ion collisions, the primary scatterings and particle production are described in terms of interaction between fluids, so called friction. These friction terms can be derived from kinetic theory, but they are not unique. We compare different approaches to derive the friction terms, introduce a new “charge transfer” friction, which allows to move charge to the midrapidity fireball, and implement them in the MUFFIN model. The charge transfer friction is more consistent with the assumption of three fluids clearly separated in momentum space, and allows better comparisons of the experimental data and underlying equation of state. It also leaves room for entropy generation due to dissipation in individual fluids, and we present the first results obtained using viscous multifluid dynamics.
