- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review C

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Statistical properties and photon strength functions of the Sn112,114 isotopes below the neutron separation threshold

P.-A. Söderström1,*, M. Markova2, N. Tsoneva1, Y. Xu1, A. Kuşoğlu1,3, S. Aogaki1, D. L. Balabanski1, S. R. Ban1, R. Borcea4 et al.

M. Brezeanu1, F. Camera5,6, M. Ciemała7, Gh. Ciocan4, C. Clisu4, C. Costache4, F. C. L. Crespi5,6, M. Cuciuc1, A. Dhal1, I. Dinescu4, N. M. Florea4, A. Giaz6, M. Kmiecik7, V. Lelasseux1, R. Lica4, N. M. Mărginean4, C. Mihai4, R. E. Mihai4,8, D. Nichita1, H. Pai1, I. P. Pârlea1, T. Petruse1, A. Rotaru1, C. O. Sotty4, A. Spătaru1, L. Stan4, D. A. Testov1, D. Tofan4, S. Toma4, T. Tozar1, A. Turturică4, G. V. Turturică1, S. Ujeniuc4, C. A. Ur1, and O. Wieland6

  • *Contact author: par.anders@eli-np.ro
PDF

Phys. Rev. C 112, 024327 – Published 25 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9lg8-3hpj

Abstract

Here we report on the measurements of the γ-ray strength functions and nuclear level densities of Sn112,114 performed for the first time at the 9-MV Tandem accelerator facilities at Horia Hulubei Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering using the Oslo method. We extract thermodynamic properties and gross and fine properties of the pygmy dipole resonance for systematic comparison in the chain of Sn isotopes. The results are compared with microscopic models implemented in the TALYS reaction code and the fully microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model for the underlying nuclear structure of the dipole strength in Sn112,114. The quasiparticle-phonon model results show the importance of complex configurations to the low-energy dipole response in the pygmy dipole resonance energy region. The experimental data are further included in the cross section and reaction rate calculations for the (n,γ) reaction of the p-process nuclei Sn112,114 showing a significant increase in reaction rates at high temperatures compared to existing nuclear databases.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (97)

  1. S. Goriely, P. Dimitriou, M. Wiedeking, T. Belgya, R. Firestone, J. Kopecky, M. Krticka, V. Plujko, R. Schwengner, S. Siem et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 172 (2019).
  2. T. Kawano, Y. Cho, P. Dimitriou, D. Filipescu, N. Iwamoto, V. Plujko, X. Tao, H. Utsunomiya, V. Varlamov, R. Xu et al., Nucl. Data Sheets 163, 109 (2020).
  3. M. Harakeh, Giant Resonances: Fundamental High-frequency Modes of Nnuclear Excitation (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001).
  4. A. Tamii, I. Poltoratska, P. von Neumann-Cosel, Y. Fujita, T. Adachi, C. A. Bertulani, J. Carter, M. Dozono, H. Fujita, K. Fujita et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 062502 (2011).
  5. K. Heyde, P. von Neumann-Cosel, and A. Richter, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2365 (2010).
  6. R. Schwengner, S. Frauendorf, and A. C. Larsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 232504 (2013).
  7. N. Paar, D. Vretenar, E. Khan, and G. Colò, Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, R02 (2007).
  8. D. Savran, T. Aumann, and A. Zilges, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 70, 210 (2013).
  9. A. Bracco, E. Lanza, and A. Tamii, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 106, 360 (2019).
  10. E. G. Lanza, L. Pellegri, A. Vitturi, and M. V. Andrés, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 129, 104006 (2023).
  11. M. Spieker, A. Heusler, B. A. Brown, T. Faestermann, R. Hertenberger, G. Potel, M. Scheck, N. Tsoneva, M. Weinert, H.-F. Wirth, and A. Zilges, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 102503 (2020).
  12. M. Weinert, M. Spieker, G. Potel, N. Tsoneva, M. Müscher, J. Wilhelmy, and A. Zilges, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 242501 (2021).
  13. M. Guttormsen, T. Ramsøy, and J. Rekstad, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 255, 518 (1987).
  14. M. Guttormsen, T. S. Tveter, L. Bergholt, F. Ingebretsen, and J. Rekstad, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 374, 371 (1996).
  15. A. Schiller, L. Bergholt, M. Guttormsen, E. Melby, J. Rekstad, and S. Siem, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 447, 498 (2000).
  16. A. C. Larsen, M. Guttormsen, M. Krtička, E. Běták, A. Bürger, A. Görgen, H. T. Nyhus, J. Rekstad, A. Schiller, S. Siem et al., Phys. Rev. C 83, 034315 (2011).
  17. U. Agvaanluvsan, A. C. Larsen, M. Guttormsen, R. Chankova, G. E. Mitchell, A. Schiller, S. Siem, and A. Voinov, Phys. Rev. C 79, 014320 (2009).
  18. U. Agvaanluvsan, A. C. Larsen, R. Chankova, M. Guttormsen, G. E. Mitchell, A. Schiller, S. Siem, and A. Voinov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 162504 (2009).
  19. H. K. Toft, A. C. Larsen, U. Agvaanluvsan, A. Bürger, M. Guttormsen, G. E. Mitchell, H. T. Nyhus, A. Schiller, S. Siem, N. U. H. Syed, and A. Voinov, Phys. Rev. C 81, 064311 (2010).
  20. H. K. Toft, A. C. Larsen, A. Bürger, M. Guttormsen, A. Görgen, H. T. Nyhus, T. Renstrøm, S. Siem, G. M. Tveten, and A. Voinov, Phys. Rev. C 83, 044320 (2011).
  21. M. Markova, P. von Neumann-Cosel, A. C. Larsen, S. Bassauer, A. Görgen, M. Guttormsen, F. L. Bello Garrote, H. C. Berg, M. M. Bjørøen, T. Dahl-Jacobsen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 182501 (2021).
  22. M. Markova, A. C. Larsen, P. von Neumann-Cosel, S. Bassauer, A. Görgen, M. Guttormsen, F. L. Bello Garrote, H. C. Berg, M. M. Bjørøen, T. K. Eriksen et al., Phys. Rev. C 106, 034322 (2022).
  23. M. Markova, A. C. Larsen, G. M. Tveten, P. von Neumann-Cosel, T. K. Eriksen, F. L. Bello Garrote, L. Crespo Campo, F. Giacoppo, A. Görgen, M. Guttormsen et al., Phys. Rev. C 108, 014315 (2023).
  24. M. Markova, A. C. Larsen, P. von Neumann-Cosel, E. Litvinova, A. Choplin, S. Goriely, S. Martinet, L. Siess, M. Guttormsen, F. Pogliano et al., Phys. Rev. C 109, 054311 (2024).
  25. V. W. Ingeberg, S. Siem, M. Wiedeking, K. Sieja, D. L. Bleuel, C. P. Brits, T. D. Bucher, T. S. Dinoko, J. L. Easton, A. Görgen et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 56, 68 (2020).
  26. V. W. Ingeberg, P. Jones, L. Msebi, S. Siem, M. Wiedeking, A. A. Avaa, M. V. Chisapi, E. A. Lawrie, K. L. Malatji, L. Makhathini, S. P. Noncolela, and O. Shirinda, Phys. Rev. C 106, 054315 (2022).
  27. S. N. Liddick, A. C. Larsen, M. Guttormsen, A. Spyrou, B. P. Crider, F. Naqvi, J. E. Midtbø, F. L. Bello Garrote, D. L. Bleuel, L. Crespo Campo et al., Phys. Rev. C 100, 024624 (2019).
  28. D. Filipescu, A. Anzalone, D. L. Balabanski, S. S. Belyshev, F. Camera, M. L. Cognata, P. Constantin, L. Csige, P. V. Cuong, M. Cwiok et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 185 (2015).
  29. S. Gales, D. L. Balabanski, F. Negoita, O. Tesileanu, C. A. Ur, D. Ursescu, and N. V. Zamfir, Phys. Scr. 91, 093004 (2016).
  30. S. Gales, K. A. Tanaka, D. L. Balabanski, F. Negoita, D. Stutman, O. Tesileanu, C. A. Ur, D. Ursescu, I. Andrei, S. Ataman et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 81, 094301 (2018).
  31. K. A. Tanaka, K. M. Spohr, D. L. Balabanski, S. Balascuta, L. Capponi, M. O. Cernaianu, M. Cuciuc, A. Cucoanes, I. Dancus, A. Dhal et al., Matter Radiat. Extremes 5, 024402 (2020).
  32. P. Constantin, C. Matei, and C. A. Ur, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 27, 021601 (2024).
  33. J. Isaak, D. Savran, B. Löher, T. Beck, M. Bhike, U. Gayer, Krishichayan, N. Pietralla, M. Scheck, W. Tornow, V. Werner, A. Zilges, and M. Zweidinger, Phys. Lett. B 788, 225 (2019).
  34. F. Camera, H. Utsunomiya, V. Varlamov, D. Filipescu, V. Baran, A. Bracco, G. Colo, I. Gheorghe, T. Glodariu, C. Matei, and O. Wieland, Rom. Rep. Phys. 68, S539 (2016).
  35. M. Krzysiek, F. Camera, D. M. Filipescu, H. Utsunomiya, G. Colò, I. Gheorghe, and Y. Niu, Nucl. Instrum. MethodsA 916, 257 (2019).
  36. P.-A. Söderström, E. Açıksöz, D. L. Balabanski, F. Camera, L. Capponi, G. Ciocan, M. Cuciuc, D. M. Filipescu, I. Gheorghe, T. Glodariu, J. Kaur et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 1027, 166171 (2022).
  37. C. Clisu, I. Gheorghe, D. Filipescu, T. Renstrøm, E. Aciksoz, M. Boromiza, N. Florea, G. Gosta, A. Ionescu, M. Krzysiek, A. Maj et al., EPJ Web Conf. 284, 01015 (2023).
  38. P.-A. Söderström, A. Kuşoğlu, and D. Testov, Front. Astron. Space Sci. 10, 1248834 (2023).
  39. P. Mohr, AIP Conf. Proc. 704, 532 (2004).
  40. H. Utsunomiya, P. Mohr, A. Zilges, and M. Rayet, Nucl. Phys. A 777, 459 (2006).
  41. T. Rauscher, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Series 201, 26 (2012).
  42. T. Rauscher, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 420, 012138 (2013).
  43. T. Rauscher, AIP Adv. 4, 041012 (2014).
  44. N. Nishimura, T. Rauscher, R. Hirschi, A. St. J. Murphy, G. Cescutti, and C. Travaglio, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 474, 3133 (2018).
  45. D. Bucurescu, I. Căta-Danil, G. Ciocan, C. Costache, D. Deleanu, R. Dima, D. Filipescu, N. Florea, D. G. Ghiţă, T. Glodariu, M. Ivaşcu et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 837, 1 (2016).
  46. H. R. Weller, C. A. Ur, C. Matei, J. M. Mueller, M. H. Sikora, G. Suliman, V. Iancu, and Z. Yasin, Rom. Rep. Phys. 68, S447 (2016).
  47. A. Kuşoğlu, P. Constantin, P.-A. Söderström, D. L. Balabanski, M. Cuciuc, S. Aogaki, R. S. Ban, R. Borcea, R. Corbu, C. Costache, A. Covali et al., Nuovo Cimento C 47, 47 (2024).
  48. A. Kuşoğlu, D. L. Balabanski, R. Z. Hu, S. Q. Fan, F. R. Xu, P. Constantin, P.-A. Söderström, M. Cuciuc, S. Aogaki, R. S. Ban, R. Borcea et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 072502 (2024).
  49. O. Wieland, A. Bracco, F. Camera, S. Aogaki, D. L. Balabanski, E. Boicu, R. Borcea, M. Boromiza, I. Burducea, S. Calinescu et al., Nuovo Cimento C 47, 24 (2024).
  50. P.-A. Söderström, A. Kuşoğlu, D. L. Balabanski, M. Brezeanu, D. Choudhury, A. Gavrilescu, R. A. Guţoiu, S. Ioannidis, G. Lorusso, M. Markova et al., Nuovo Cimento C 47, 58 (2024).
  51. S. Aogaki, D. L. Balabanski, R. Borcea, P. Constantin, C. Costache, M. Cuciuc, A. Kuşoğlu, C. Mihai, R. E. Mihai, L. Stan et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 1056, 168628 (2023).
  52. P.-A. Söderström, C. Matei, L. Capponi, E. Açıksöz, D. L. Balabanski, and I. O. Mitu, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 167, 109441 (2021).
  53. P.-A. Söderström, D. L. Balabanski, R. S. Ban, G. Ciocan, M. Cuciuc, A. Dhal, V. Fugaru, V. Iancu, A. Rotaru, A. B. Şerban et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 191, 110559 (2023).
  54. S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. Arce, M. Asai, D. Axen, S. Banerjee, G. Barrand et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 506, 250 (2003).
  55. D. Lattuada, D. L. Balabanski, S. Chesnevskaya, M. Costa, V. Crucillà, G. L. Guardo, M. L. Cognata, C. Matei, R. G. Pizzone, S. Romano et al., EPJ Web Conf. 165, 01034 (2017).
  56. P.-A. Söderström, L. Capponi, V. Iancu, D. Lattuada, A. Pappalardo, G. V. Turturică, E. Açıksöz, D. L. Balabanski, P. Constantin, G. L. Guardo et al., J. Instrum. 14, T11007 (2019).
  57. D. M. Brink, Some Aspects of the Interaction of Fields with Matter, Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 1955.
  58. P. Axel, Phys. Rev. 126, 671 (1962).
  59. A. Gilbert and A. G. W. Cameron, Can. J. Phys. 43, 1446 (1965).
  60. S. Mughabghab, Atlas of Nneutron Resonances (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018).
  61. J. Kopecky and M. Uhl, Phys. Rev. C 41, 1941 (1990).
  62. T. von Egidy and D. Bucurescu, Phys. Rev. C 72, 044311 (2005).
  63. S. Bassauer, P. von Neumann-Cosel, P.-G. Reinhard, A. Tamii, S. Adachi, C. A. Bertulani, P. Y. Chan, A. D'Alessio, H. Fujioka, H. Fujita et al., Phys. Rev. C 102, 034327 (2020).
  64. P. von Neumann-Cosel and A. Tamii, Eur. Phys. J. A 55, 110 (2019).
  65. A. J. Koning, S. Hilaire, and M. C. Duijvestijn, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, edited by O. Bersillon, F. Gunsing, E. Bauge, R. Jacqmin, and S. Leray (EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, France, 2008), Vol. 211, p. 058.
  66. A. J. Koning and D. Rochman, Nucl. Data Sheets 113, 2841 (2012).
  67. S. G. Kadmenskii, V. P. Markushev, and V. I. Furman, Yad. Fiz. 37, 581 (1983) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 37, 345 (1983)].
  68. V. V. Varlamov, B. S. Ishkhanov, V. N. Orlin, and V. A. Chetvertkova, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 74, 833 (2010).
  69. Y. Sorokin, V. Krushchev, and B. Yurev, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 36, 180 (1972) [Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci.: Phys. 36, 170 (1973)].
  70. Y. Sorokin and B. Yurev, Yad. Fiz. 20, 233 (1974) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 20, 123 (1975)].
  71. H. P. Loens, K. Langanke, G. Martínez-Pinedo, and K. Sieja, Eur. Phys. J. A 48, 34 (2012).
  72. R. Brun and F. Rademakers, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 389, 81 (1997).
  73. I. Antcheva, M. Ballintijn, B. Bellenot, M. Biskup, R. Brun, N. Buncic, P. Canal, D. Casadei, O. Couet, V. Fine et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 2499 (2009).
  74. N. Tsoneva and H. Lenske, Phys. Rev. C 77, 024321 (2008).
  75. M. Markova, P. von Neumann-Cosel, and E. Litvinova, Phys. Lett. B 860, 139216 (2025).
  76. W. Thomas, Sci. Nat. 13, 627 (1925).
  77. F. Reiche and W. Thomas, Z. Phys. 34, 510 (1925).
  78. W. Kuhn, Z. Phys. 33, 408 (1925).
  79. M. Guttormsen, M. Hjorth-Jensen, E. Melby, J. Rekstad, A. Schiller, and S. Siem, Phys. Rev. C 63, 044301 (2001).
  80. H. T. Nyhus, S. Siem, M. Guttormsen, A. C. Larsen, A. Bürger, N. U. H. Syed, H. K. Toft, G. M. Tveten, and A. Voinov, Phys. Rev. C 85, 014323 (2012).
  81. P. Roy, K. Banerjee, T. K. Rana, S. Kundu, D. Pandit, N. Quang Hung, T. K. Ghosh, S. Mukhopadhyay, D. Mondal, G. Mukherjee et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 48 (2021).
  82. M. Guttormsen, R. Chankova, M. Hjorth-Jensen, J. Rekstad, S. Siem, A. Schiller, and D. J. Dean, Phys. Rev. C 68, 034311 (2003).
  83. H. von Helmholtz, On the thermodynamics of chemical processes, in Physical Memoirs: Selected and Translated from Foregin Sources (Taylor & Francis, London, 1889), Vol. I, p. 43.
  84. J. Lee and J. M. Kosterlitz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 137 (1990).
  85. J. Lee and J. M. Kosterlitz, Phys. Rev. B 43, 3265 (1991).
  86. N. Tsoneva, H. Lenske, and C. Stoyanov, Phys. Lett. B 586, 213 (2004).
  87. N. Tsoneva and H. Lenske, Phys. At. Nucl. 79, 885 (2016).
  88. A. Tonchev, N. Tsoneva, C. Bhatia, C. Arnold, S. H. S. Goriely, J. Kelley, H. L. E. Kwan, J. Piekarewicz, G. R. R. Raut, T. Shizuma, and W. Tornow, Phys. Lett. B 773, 20 (2017).
  89. V. G. Soloviev, Theory of Complex Nuclei (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1976).
  90. N. T. M. Grinberg, Ch. Stoyanov, Phys. Part. Nuclei 29, 606 (1998).
  91. T. Shizuma, S. Endo, A. Kimura, R. Massarczyk, R. Schwengner, R. Beyer, T. Hensel, H. Hoffmann, A. Junghans, K. Römer et al., Phys. Rev. C 106, 044326 (2022).
  92. W. Hauser and H. Feshbach, Phys. Rev. 87, 366 (1952).
  93. S. Goriely, S. Hilaire, and A. J. Koning, Astron. Astrophys. 487, 767 (2007).
  94. A. J. Koning, D. Rochman, J.-Ch. Sublet, N. Dzysiuk, M. Fleming, and S. van der Marck, Nucl. Data Sheets 155, 1 (2019).
  95. D. Rochman, A. Koning, S. Goriely, and S. Hilarie, Nucl. Phys. A 1053, 122951 (2025).
  96. S. Goriely, AIP Conf. Proc. 704, 375 (2004).
  97. Y. Xu, S. Goriely, A. Jorissen, G. L. Chen, and M. Arnould, Astron. Astrophys. 549, A106 (2013).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. C 112, 024327– Published 25 August, 2025
  • Received 27 September 2024
  • Revised 4 February 2025
  • Accepted 18 July 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation