In this article, we study the production of hydrogen and helium isotopes in heavy-ion collisions in the incident energy range between 80 and 150 MeV/nucleon. We compare the inclusive multiplicities emitted in the transverse plane of the reaction with the predictions given by the thermal model. As a first step, we validate the choice of this approach to describe the experimental measurements. We also show that the transient states have to be explicitly taken into account for a good statistical description of the experimental multiplicities. From the thermodynamical parameter values obtained we complete the existing database built with the use of thermal-statistical models to reproduce particle production in the (ultra)relativistic-energy measurements. We then proposed a new constraint on the so-called “freeze-out” region in the temperature ($T$) versus baryonic chemical potential (${\mu }_B$) phase diagram of the quantum chromodynamics. These new results indicate that there is a common framework to describe the hadron production and nuclear clustering processes in heavy-ion collisions.

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• Charged-particle multiplicity
• Heavy-ion reaction mechanisms
• Low & intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
• QCD in nuclear reactions
• Thermal & statistical models