Charm quark evolution in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions
Phys. Rev. C 113, 024904 – Published 12 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7125-lhbl
Abstract
Heavy quarks are predominantly generated at the initial stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions such that heavy flavor observables have the potential to provide information on the pre-equilibrium medium dynamics. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of D-meson and to early-time charm quark dynamics in collisions at TeV. We employ the framework to model the evolution of the bulk medium. Charm quarks are generated using PYTHIA with nuclear parton distribution functions and evolved using Langevin dynamics within MARTINI. We observe that even though there is significant momentum broadening in the earliest stage, D-meson and are only weakly sensitive to pre-equilibrium interactions.