- Open Access
Particle production in collisions at using the framework
Phys. Rev. C 114, 014916 – Published 27 July, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5x7p-qk2l
Abstract
Using the model, we study the production of multistrange particles and in collisions at 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 200 GeV as functions of transverse momentum and centrality. The model calculations employ earlier freeze-out hypersurfaces for multistrange particle production and are compared with STAR experimental data. Results indicate that the ++ model demonstrates a better agreement with experimental data for multistrange particles at higher energies, particularly in relation to early thermal freeze-out. Meanwhile, the default version performs more accurately for lighter, nonstrange particles at the same energy scales. We also analyze identified particle and mixed particle ratios, providing insights into strangeness enhancement. The results provide additional constraints on parton energy loss models, contributing to a more precise determination of the transport properties of hot and dense QCD matter.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (39)
- K. Adcox et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A 757, 184 (2005).
- L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program, Phys. Rev. C 96, 044904 (2017).
- B. I. Abelev et al. (STAR Collaboration), Energy and system size dependence of meson production in and collisions, Phys. Lett. B 673, 183 (2009).
- A. Shor, -meson production as a probe of the quark-gluon plasma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1122 (1985).
- C. P. Singh, V. K. Tiwari, and K. K. Singh, Production of as a potential probe for QGP formation, Phys. Lett. B 393, 188 (1997).
- C. P. Singh, Comment on “-meson production as a probe of the quark-gluon plasma”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1750 (1986).
- Y. J. Ye, J. H. Chen, Y. G. Ma, S. Zhang, and C. Zhong, and in Au + Au collisions at and 11.5 GeV from a multiphase transport model, Chin. Phys. C 41, 084101 (2017).
- M. Abdallah et al. (STAR Collaboration), Azimuthal anisotropy measurement of (multi)strange hadrons in Au + Au collisions at GeV, Phys. Rev. C 107, 024912 (2023).
- J. Adam et al. (STAR Collaboration), Strange hadron production in collisions at , 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV, Phys. Rev. C 102, 034909 (2020).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Spectra and ratios of identified particles in Au + Au and collisions at GeV, Phys. Rev. C 88, 024906 (2013).
- A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration), Identified charged hadron production in collisions at and 62.4 GeV, Phys. Rev. C 83, 064903 (2011).
- S. Okubo, -meson and unitary symmetry model, Phys. Lett. 5, 165 (1963).
- G. Devi and B. K. Singh, Production of multistrange hadrons in Pb + Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider using the HYDJET++ model, Phys. Rev. C 112, 034907 (2025).
- G. Devi, A. Singh, and B. K. Singh, pT-spectra and elliptic flow of meson in Au + Au collisions at RHIC energies using HYDJET++ model; DAE Symp, Nucl. Phys. 67, 1059 (2024).
- G. Devi, A. Singh, S. Pandey, and B. K. Singh, Higher flow harmonics of strange hadrons in Au + Au collisions at and Pb + Pb collisions at with model, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 921 (2023).
- A. Singh, P. K. Srivastava, G. Devi, and B. K. Singh, Production and enhancement of (multi-) strange hadrons in collisions at GeV RHIC energy and collisions at TeV LHC energy, Phys. Rev. C 107, 024906 (2023).
- L. V. Bravina, G. K. Eyyubova, V. L. Korotkikh, I. P. Lokhtin, S. V. Petrushanko, A. M. Snigirev, and E. E. Zabrodin, Jets and elliptic flow correlations at low and high transverse momenta in ultrarelativistic collisions, Phys. Rev. C 103, 034905 (2021).
- G. Devi, A. Singh, and B. K. Singh, -spectra, nuclear modification factors (, and ) of (multi-) strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at with , J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 51, 095203 (2024).
- I. P. Lokhtin, A. V. Belyaev, L. V. Malinina, S. V. Petrushanko, E. P. Rogochaya, and A. M. Snigirev, Hadron spectra, flow and correlations in PbPb collisions at the LHC: Interplay between soft and hard physics, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2045 (2012).
- I. P. Lokhtin, L. V. Malinina, S. V. Petrushanko, A. M. Snigirev, I. Arsene, and K. Tywoniuk, Modeling the jet quenching in hot and dense QCD matter, Nonlinear Phenom. Complex Syst. 12, 348 (2009).
- I. P. Lokhtin, L. V. Malinina, S. V. Petrushanko, A. M. Snigirev, I. Arsene, and K. Tywoniuk, Heavy ion event generator (HYDrodynamics plus JETs), Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 779 (2009).
- I. P. Lokhtin and A. M. Snigirev, A model of jet quenching in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions and high- hadron spectra at RHIC, Eur. Phys. J. C 45, 211 (2006).
- N. S. Amelin, R. Lednicky, T. A. Pocheptsov, I. P. Lokhtin, L. V. Malinina, A. M. Snigirev, I. A. Karpenko, and Y. M. Sinyukov, Fast hadron freeze-out generator, Phys. Rev. C 74, 064901 (2006).
- N. S. Amelin, R. Lednicky, I. P. Lokhtin, L. V. Malinina, A. M. Snigirev, I. A. Karpenko, Y. M. Sinyukov, I. Arsene, and L. Bravina, Fast hadron freeze-out generator. II. Noncentral collisions, Phys. Rev. C 77, 014903 (2008).
- B. I. Abelev et al. (STAR Collaboration), Measurements of meson production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), Phys. Rev. C 79, 064903 (2009).
- J. Adams et al. (STAR Collaboration), Scaling properties of hyperon production in collisions at , Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 062301 (2007).
- L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Probing parton dynamics of QCD matter with and production, Phys. Rev. C 93, 021903 (2016).
- L. V. Bravina, I. P. Lokhtin, L. V. Malinina, S. V. Petrushanko, A. M. Snigirev, and E. E. Zabrodin, Dynamical vs geometric anisotropy in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Which one prevails? Eur. Phys. J. A 53, 219 (2017).
- T. Sjöstrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Z. Skands, PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2006) 026.
- P. Castorina, S. Plumari, and H. Satz, Universal strangeness production in hadronic and nuclear collisions, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 25, 1650058 (2016).
- S. Wheaton, J. Cleymans, and M. Hauer, THERMUS—A thermal model package for ROOT, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180, 84 (2009).
- J. Tao, W. Wu, M. Wang, H. Zheng, W. Zhang, L. Zhu, and A. Bonasera, The novel scaling of Tsallis parameters from the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions, Particles 5, 146 (2022).
- E. Schnedermann, J. Sollfrank, and U. W. Heinz, Thermal phenomenology of hadrons from 200A GeV S+S collisions, Phys. Rev. C 48, 2462 (1993).
- S. R. Nayak, S. Pandey, and B. K. Singh, Beam energy dependence of transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow in Au–Au collisions using model, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 140, 375 (2025).
- L. Adamczyk et al. (STAR Collaboration), Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Au+Au collisions at –62.4 GeV, Phys. Rev. C 88, 014902 (2013).
- B. I. Abelev et al. (STAR Collaboration), Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in , , and collisions at the STAR detector, Phys. Rev. C 79, 034909 (2009).
- M. Waqas and G. X. Peng, Study of dependence of kinetic freezeout temperature on the production cross-section of particles in various centrality intervals in Au–Au and Pb–Pb collisions at high energies, Entropy 23, 488 (2021).
- J. Aichelin and K. Werner, Is the centrality dependence of the elliptic flow and of the average more than a core-corona effect? Phys. Rev. C 82, 034906 (2010).
- J. Cleymans, I. Kraus, H. Oeschler, K. Redlich, and S. Wheaton, Statistical model predictions for particle ratios at TeV, Phys. Rev. C 74, 034903 (2006).