- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review C

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Probing small neutron skin variations in isotope pairs by hyperon-antihyperon production in antiproton-nucleus interactions

Falk Schupp1, Josef Pochodzalla1,2,3,*, Michael Bölting1, Martin Christiansen1, Theodoros Gaitanos4, Horst Lenske5, and Marcell Steinen1

  • *Contact author: pochodza@uni-mainz.de
PDF

Phys. Rev. C 111, 064610 – Published 11 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5by7-yj9g

Abstract

We propose a new method to study the evolution of the neutron periphery between different isotopes by considering antiproton-nucleus interactions close to the production threshold of ΛΛ¯ and Σ−Λ¯ pairs. At low energies, ΛΛ¯ pairs are produced in p¯+p collisions, while Σ−Λ¯ pairs can only be produced in p¯+n interactions. Within a simple geometrical picture we show that the double ratio for the production of Σ−Λ¯ and ΛΛ¯ pairs for two different isotopes are related to the variation of the neutron skin thickness between the two nuclei. Performing high statistics calculations with the Gießen Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU) transport model for several isotope pairs covering a wide range of elements, we verify a strong correlation between the double ratio from the full transport simulations and the schematic model. This correlation enables us to quantify the potential of the proposed method for precise studies of neutron skin variations in isotope chains.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (112)

  1. M. B. Tsang, J. R. Stone, F. Camera, P. Danielewicz, S. Gandolfi, K. Hebeler, C. J. Horowitz, J. Lee, W. G. Lynch, Z. Kohley, R. Lemmon, P. Möller, T. Murakami, S. Riordan, X. Roca-Maza, F. Sammarruca, A. W. Steiner, I. Vidaña, and S. J. Yennello, Constraints on the symmetry energy and neutron skins from experiments and theory, Phys. Rev. C 86, 015803 (2012).
  2. M. Baldo and G. Burgio, The nuclear symmetry energy, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 91, 203 (2016).
  3. J. Piekarewicz and F. J. Fattoyev, Neutron-rich matter in heaven and on earth, Phys. Today 72(7), 30 (2019).
  4. B. A. Brown, Neutron radii in nuclei and the neutron equation of state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5296 (2000).
  5. C. J. Horowitz and J. Piekarewicz, Neutron star structure and the neutron radius of Pb208, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5647 (2001).
  6. S. Typel and B. A. Brown, Neutron radii and the neutron equation of state in relativistic models, Phys. Rev. C 64, 027302 (2001).
  7. C. J. Horowitz and J. Piekarewicz, Neutron radii of Pb208 and neutron stars, Phys. Rev. C 64, 062802(R) (2001).
  8. F. Sammarruca and P. Liu, Neutron skin of Pb208 and density dependence of the symmetry energy, Phys. Rev. C 79, 057301 (2009).
  9. X. Roca-Maza, M. Brenna, B. K. Agrawal, P. F. Bortignon, G. Colo, L.-G. Cao, N. Paar, and D. Vretenar, Giant quadrupole resonances in Pb208, the nuclear symmetry energy, and the neutron skin thickness, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034301 (2013).
  10. P.-G. Reinhard and W. Nazarewicz, Nuclear charge and neutron radii and nuclear matter: Trend analysis in skyrme density-functional-theory approach, Phys. Rev. C 93, 051303(R) (2016).
  11. M. Centelles, X. Roca-Maza, X. Viñas, and M. Warda, Nuclear symmetry energy probed by neutron skin thickness of nuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 122502 (2009).
  12. T. Suzuki, H. Geissel, O. Bochkarev, L. Chulkov, M. Golovkov, D. Hirata, H. Irnich, Z. Janas, H. Keller, T. Kobayashi, G. Kraus, G. Münzenberg, S. Neumaier, F. Nickel, A. Ozawa, A. Piechaczeck, E. Roeckl, W. Schwab, K. Sümmerer, K. Yoshida et al., Neutron skin of Na isotopes studied via their interaction cross sections, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3241 (1995).
  13. G. Alkhazov, T. Bauer, R. Beurtey, A. Boudard, G. Bruge, A. Chaumeaux, P. Couvert, G. Cvijanovich, H. Duhm, J. Fontaine, D. Garreta, A. Kulikov, D. Legrand, J. Lugol, J. Saudinos, J. Thirion, and A. Vorobyov, Elastic and inelastic scattering of 1.044 GeV protons by Ca40, Ca42, Ca44, Ca48 and Ti48, Nucl. Phys. A 274, 443 (1976).
  14. K. G. Boyer, W. J. Braithwaite, W. B. Cottingame, S. J. Greene, L. E. Smith, C. F. Moore, C. L. Morris, H. A. Thiessen, G. S. Blanpied, G. R. Burleson, J. F. Davis, J. S. McCarthy, R. C. Minehart, and C. A. Goulding, Pion elastic and inelastic scattering from Ca40,42,44,48 and Fe54, Phys. Rev. C 29, 182 (1984).
  15. W. R. Gibbs and J.-P. Dedonder, Neutron radii of the calcium isotopes, Phys. Rev. C 46, 1825 (1992).
  16. F. J. Hartmann, R. Schmidt, B. Ketzer, T. von Egidy, S. Wycech, R. Smolańczuk, T. Czosnyka, J. Jastrzebski, M. Kisieliński, P. Lubiński, P. Napiorkowski, L. Pieńkowski, A. Trzcińska, B. Kłos, K. Gulda, W. Kurcewicz, and E. Widmann, Nucleon density in the nuclear periphery determined with antiprotonic x rays: Calcium isotopes, Phys. Rev. C 65, 014306 (2001).
  17. T. Yamaguchi, T. Suzuki, T. Ohnishi, F. Becker, M. Fukuda, H. Geissel, M. Hosoi, R. Janik, K. Kimura, T. Kuboki, S. Mandel, M. Matsuo, G. Münzenberg, S. Nakajima, T. Ohtsubo, A. Ozawa, A. Prochazka, M. Shindo, B. Sitár, P. Strmeň et al., Nuclear matter radii of neutron-deficient Kr isotopes, Phys. Rev. C 77, 034315 (2008).
  18. J. Zenihiro, H. Sakaguchi, T. Murakami, M. Yosoi, Y. Yasuda, S. Terashima, Y. Iwao, H. Takeda, M. Itoh, H. P. Yoshida, and M. Uchida, Neutron density distributions of Pb204,206,208 deduced via proton elastic scattering at Ep=295 MeV, Phys. Rev. C 82, 044611 (2010).
  19. S. Mizutori, J. Dobaczewski, G. A. Lalazissis, W. Nazarewicz, and P.-G. Reinhard, Nuclear skins and halos in the mean-field theory, Phys. Rev. C 61, 044326 (2000).
  20. S. Tagami, T. Wakasa, M. Takechi, J. Matsui, and M. Yahiro, Neutron skin in Ca48 determined from p+Ca48 and Ca48+C12 scattering, Results Phys. 33, 105155 (2022).
  21. I. Brissaud and X. Campi, Determination of matter densities of Ca isotopes by 600 MeV and 1 GeV proton elastic scattering, Phys. Lett. B 86, 141 (1979).
  22. S. Karataglidis, K. Amos, B. A. Brown, and P. K. Deb, Discerning the neutron density distribution of Pb208 from nucleon elastic scattering, Phys. Rev. C 65, 044306 (2002).
  23. B. C. Clark, L. J. Kerr, and S. Hama, Neutron densities from a global analysis of medium-energy proton-nucleus elastic scattering, Phys. Rev. C 67, 054605 (2003).
  24. H. Sakaguchi and J. Zenihiro, Proton elastic scattering from stable and unstable nuclei—extraction of nuclear densities, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 97, 1 (2017).
  25. I. A. M. Abdul-Magead, E. Hamza, and B. Abu-Ibrahim, Neutron radii and neutron skin of neutron-rich nuclei deduced from proton-nucleus total reaction cross sections, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 47, 055103 (2020).
  26. S. Tagami, T. Wakasa, J. Matsui, M. Yahiro, and M. Takechi, Neutron skin thickness of Pb208 determined from the reaction cross section for proton scattering, Phys. Rev. C 104, 024606 (2021).
  27. M. Tanaka, M. Takechi, A. Homma, M. Fukuda, D. Nishimura, T. Suzuki, Y. Tanaka, T. Moriguchi, D. S. Ahn, A. Aimaganbetov, M. Amano, H. Arakawa, S. Bagchi, K.-H. Behr, N. Burtebayev, K. Chikaato, H. Du, S. Ebata, T. Fujii, N. Fukuda et al., Swelling of doubly magic Ca48 core in Ca isotopes beyond N=28, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 102501 (2020).
  28. I. A. M. Abdul-Magead and B. Abu-Ibrahim, Neutron skin of neutron-rich nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 105, 014626 (2022).
  29. G. Giacalone, G. Nijs, and W. van der Schee, Determination of the neutron skin of Pb208 from ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 202302 (2023).
  30. H. Lenske and P. Kienle, Probing matter radii of neutron-rich nuclei by antiproton scattering, Phys. Lett. B 647, 82 (2007).
  31. A. Krasznahorkay, J. Bacelar, J. A. Bordewijk, S. Brandenburg, A. Buda, G. van 't Hof, M. A. Hofstee, S. Kato, T. D. Poelhekken, S. Y. van der Werf, A. van der Woude, M. N. Harakeh, and N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Excitation of the isovector giant dipole resonance by inelastic α scattering and the neutron skin of nuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 1287 (1991).
  32. A. Krasznahorkay, H. Akimune, A. van den Berg, N. Blasi, S. Brandenburg, M. Csatlós, M. Fujiwara, J. Gulyás, M. Harakeh, M. Hunyadi, M. de Huu, Z. Mate, D. Sohler, S. van der Werf, H. Wörtche, and L. Zolnai, Neutron-skin thickness in neutron-rich isotopes, Nucl. Phys. A 731, 224 (2004).
  33. A. Carbone, G. Colò, A. Bracco, L.-G. Cao, P. F. Bortignon, F. Camera, and O. Wieland, Constraints on the symmetry energy and neutron skins from pygmy resonances in Ni68 and Sn132, Phys. Rev. C 81, 041301(R) (2010).
  34. A. Krasznahorkay, M. Fujiwara, P. van Aarle, H. Akimune, I. Daito, H. Fujimura, Y. Fujita, M. N. Harakeh, T. Inomata, J. Jänecke, S. Nakayama, A. Tamii, M. Tanaka, H. Toyokawa, W. Uijen, and M. Yosoi, Excitation of isovector spin-dipole resonances and neutron skin of nuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3216 (1999).
  35. A. Tamii, I. Poltoratska, P. von Neumann-Cosel, Y. Fujita, T. Adachi, C. A. Bertulani, J. Carter, M. Dozono, H. Fujita, K. Fujita, K. Hatanaka, D. Ishikawa, M. Itoh, T. Kawabata, Y. Kalmykov, A. M. Krumbholz, E. Litvinova, H. Matsubara, K. Nakanishi, R. Neveling et al., Complete electric dipole response and the neutron skin in Pb208, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 062502 (2011).
  36. J. Birkhan, M. Miorelli, S. Bacca, S. Bassauer, C. A. Bertulani, G. Hagen, H. Matsubara, P. von Neumann-Cosel, T. Papenbrock, N. Pietralla, V. Y. Ponomarev, A. Richter, A. Schwenk, and A. Tamii, Electric dipole polarizability of Ca48 and implications for the neutron skin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 252501 (2017).
  37. C. M. Tarbert et al. (Crystal Ball at MAMI and A2 Collaboration), Neutron skin of Pb208 from coherent pion photoproduction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 242502 (2014).
  38. A. Trzcińska, J. Jastrzebski, P. Lubiński, F. J. Hartmann, R. Schmidt, T. von Egidy, and B. Kłos, Neutron density distributions deduced from antiprotonic atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 082501 (2001).
  39. C. Horowitz, K. Kumar, and R. Michaels, Electroweak measurements of neutron densities in CREX and PREX at JLab, USA, Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 48 (2014).
  40. F. J. Fattoyev, J. Piekarewicz, and C. J. Horowitz, Neutron skins and neutron stars in the multimessenger era, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 172702 (2018).
  41. B. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration), GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 161101 (2017).
  42. B. T. Reed, F. J. Fattoyev, C. J. Horowitz, and J. Piekarewicz, Implications of PREX-2 on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 172503 (2021).
  43. G. A. Miller, Coherent-nuclear pion photoproduction and neutron radii, Phys. Rev. C 100, 044608 (2019).
  44. A. Ekström, G. R. Jansen, K. A. Wendt, G. Hagen, T. Papenbrock, B. D. Carlsson, C. Forssén, M. Hjorth-Jensen, P. Navrátil, and W. Nazarewicz, Accurate nuclear radii and binding energies from a chiral interaction, Phys. Rev. C 91, 051301(R) (2015).
  45. J. E. Sobczyk, B. Acharya, S. Bacca, and G. Hagen, Ab initio computation of the longitudinal response function in Ca40, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 072501 (2021).
  46. K. Hebeler, Three-nucleon forces: Implementation and applications to atomic nuclei and dense matter, Phys. Rep. 890, 1 (2021).
  47. C. McIlroy, C. Barbieri, T. Inoue, T. Doi, and T. Hatsuda, Doubly magic nuclei from lattice QCD forces at Mps=469MeV/c2, Phys. Rev. C 97, 021303(R) (2018).
  48. T. Miyagi, T. Abe, M. Kohno, P. Navrátil, R. Okamoto, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, and S. R. Stroberg, Ground-state properties of doubly magic nuclei from the unitary-model-operator approach with chiral two- and three-nucleon forces, Phys. Rev. C 100, 034310 (2019).
  49. C. H. Hyun, Neutron skin thickness of Ca48, Sn132, and Pb208 with KIDS density functional, New Phys.: Sae Mulli 72, 371 (2022).
  50. S. Abrahamyan et al. (PREX Collaboration), Measurement of the neutron radius of Pb208 through parity violation in electron scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 112502 (2012).
  51. D. Adhikari et al. (PREX Collaboration), Accurate determination of the neutron skin thickness of Pb208 through parity-violation in electron scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 172502 (2021).
  52. D. Adhikari et al. (CREX Collaboration), Precision determination of the neutral weak form factor of Ca48, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 042501 (2022).
  53. M. C. Atkinson, M. H. Mahzoon, M. A. Keim, B. A. Bordelon, C. D. Pruitt, R. J. Charity, and W. H. Dickhoff, Dispersive optical model analysis of Pb208 generating a neutron-skin prediction beyond the mean field, Phys. Rev. C 101, 044303 (2020).
  54. C. D. Pruitt, R. J. Charity, L. G. Sobotka, M. C. Atkinson, and W. H. Dickhoff, Systematic matter and binding-energy distributions from a dispersive optical model analysis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 102501 (2020).
  55. P.-G. Reinhard, X. Roca-Maza, and W. Nazarewicz, Combined theoretical analysis of the parity-violating asymmetry for Ca48 and Pb208, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 232501 (2022).
  56. O. Buss, T. Gaitanos, K. Gallmeister, H. van Hees, M. Kaskulov, O. Lalakulich, A. Larionov, T. Leitner, J. Weil, and U. Mosel, Transport-theoretical description of nuclear reactions, Phys. Rep. 512, 1 (2012).
  57. R. L. Workman et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022).
  58. G. A. Lalazissis, J. König, and P. Ring, New parametrization for the Lagrangian density of relativistic mean field theory, Phys. Rev. C 55, 540 (1997).
  59. H. D. Vries, C. D. Jager, and C. D. Vries, Nuclear charge-density-distribution parameters from elastic electron scattering, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 36, 495 (1987).
  60. I. Angeli and K. Marinova, Table of experimental nuclear ground state charge radii: An update, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 99, 69 (2013).
  61. R. F. Garcia Ruiz, M. L. Bissell, K. Blaum, A. Ekström, N. Frömmgen, G. Hagen, M. Hammen, K. Hebeler, J. D. Holt, G. R. Jansen, M. Kowalska, K. Kreim, W. Nazarewicz, R. Neugart, G. Neyens, W. Nörtershäuser, T. Papenbrock, J. Papuga, A. Schwenk, J. Simonis et al., Unexpectedly large charge radii of neutron-rich calcium isotopes, Nat. Phys. 12, 594 (2016).
  62. G. Lalazissis, S. Karatzikos, R. Fossion, D. P. Arteaga, A. Afanasjev, and P. Ring, The effective force NL3 revisited, Phys. Lett. B 671, 36 (2009).
  63. S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S. Kaufmann, S. Bacca, C. Barbieri, J. Billowes, M. L. Bissell, K. Blaum, B. Cheal, T. Duguet, R. F. Garcia Ruiz, W. Gins, C. Gorges, G. Hagen, H. Heylen, J. D. Holt, G. R. Jansen, A. Kanellakopoulos, M. Kortelainen, T. Miyagi, P. Navrátil et al., Nuclear charge radii of the nickel isotopes Ni58–68,70, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 022502 (2022).
  64. D. Atanasov, D. Beck, K. Blaum, C. Borgmann, R. Cakirli, T. Eronen, S. George, F. Herfurth, A. Herlert, M. Kowalska, S. Kreim, Y. Litvinov, D. Lunney, V. Manea, D. Neidherr, M. Rosenbusch, L. Schweikhard, F. Wienholtz, R. Wolf, and K. Zuber, Precision mass measurements of cesium isotopes—new entries in the ISOLTRAP chronicles, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 44, 044004 (2017).
  65. A. B. Larionov, I. A. Pshenichnov, I. N. Mishustin, and W. Greiner, Antiproton-nucleus collisions simulation within a kinetic approach with relativistic mean fields, Phys. Rev. C 80, 021601(R) (2009).
  66. A. B. Larionov, T. Gaitanos, and U. Mosel, Kaon and hyperon production in antiproton-induced reactions on nuclei, Phys. Rev. C 85, 024614 (2012).
  67. F. Grümmer, B. Chen, Z. Ma, and S. Krewald, Bulk properties of light deformed nuclei derived from a medium-modified meson-exchange interaction, Phys. Lett. B 387, 673 (1996).
  68. R. Panda, M. Sharma, and S. Patra, Nuclear structure and reaction properties of Ne, Mg and Si isotopes with RMF densities, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 29, 1450013 (2014).
  69. A. J. Miller, K. Minamisono, A. Klose, D. Garand, C. Kujawa, J. D. Lantis, Y. Liu, B. Maaß, P. F. Mantica, W. Nazarewicz, W. Nötershäuser, S. V. Pineda, P.-G. Reinhard, D. M. Rossi, F. Sommer, C. Sumithrarachchi, A. Teigelhöfer, and J. Watkins, Proton superfluidity and charge radii in proton-rich calcium isotopes, Nat. Phys. 15, 432 (2019).
  70. H. Emrich, G. Fricke, G. Mallot, H. Miska, H.-G. Sieberling, J. Cavedon, B. Frois, and D. Goutte, Radial distribution of nucleons in the isotopes 48,40Ca, Nucl. Phys. A 396, 401 (1983).
  71. P. E. Hodgson, Nuclear matter distributions, Hyperfine Interact. 74, 75 (1992).
  72. W. Horiuchi, Single-particle decomposition of nuclear surface diffuseness, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2021, 123D01 (2021).
  73. J. Pochodzalla, S. Bleser, A. S. Lorente, M. M. Rojo, M. Steinen, for the PANDA Collaboration, J. Gerl, J. Kojouharova, and I. Kojouharov, Many facets of strangeness nuclear physics with stored antiprotons, JPS Conf. Proc. 17, 091002 (2017).
  74. J. Hirtz, J.-C. David, A. Boudard, J. Cugnon, S. Leray, I. Leya, J. L. Rodríguez-Sánchez, and G. Schnabel, Strangeness production in the new version of the Liège intranuclear cascade model, Phys. Rev. C 101, 014608 (2020).
  75. J. L. Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. Cugnon, J.-C. David, J. Hirtz, A. Kelić-Heil, and S. Leray, Hypernuclei formation in spallation reactions by coupling the Liège intranuclear cascade model to the deexcitation code ABLA, Phys. Rev. C 105, 014623 (2022).
  76. G.-C. Yong, A direct probe of Λ potential in nuclear medium, Phys. Lett. B 853, 138662 (2024).
  77. W. Ehehalt and W. Cassing, Relativistic transport approach for nucleus-nucleus collisions from SIS to SPS energies, Nucl. Phys. A 602, 449 (1996).
  78. J. Geiss, W. Cassing, and C. Greiner, Strangeness production in the hsd transport approach from SIS to SPS energies, Nucl. Phys. A 644, 107 (1998).
  79. C. Hartnack, H. Oeschler, Y. Leifels, E. L. Bratkovskaya, and J. Aichelin, Strangeness production close to the threshold in proton–nucleus and heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rep. 510, 119 (2012).
  80. J. Aichelin, E. Bratkovskaya, A. Le Fèvre, V. Kireyeu, V. Kolesnikov, Y. Leifels, V. Voronyuk, and G. Coci, Parton-hadron-quantum-molecular dynamics: A novel microscopic n-body transport approach for heavy-ion collisions, dynamical cluster formation, and hypernuclei production, Phys. Rev. C 101, 044905 (2020).
  81. F. Schupp, Study of antihyperon pairs in nuclei at P¯ANDA, Ph.D. thesis, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (unpublished).
  82. M. Steinen, Feasibility studies for the high precision X-ray spectroscopy of heavy Ξ− hyperatoms at P¯ANDA using the PANda GErmanium Array PANGEA, Ph.D. thesis, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2020.
  83. F. Schupp, M. Bölting, P. Achenbach, S. Bleser, J. Pochodzalla, and M. Steinen, An infrared light-guide based target positioning system for operation in a harsh environment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 1056, 168684 (2023).
  84. J. T. Zhang, X. L. Tu, P. Sarriguren, K. Yue, Q. Zeng, Z. Y. Sun, M. Wang, Y. H. Zhang, X. H. Zhou, and Y. A. Litvinov, Systematic trends of neutron skin thickness versus relative neutron excess, Phys. Rev. C 104, 034303 (2021).
  85. Institut für Seltene Erden und Metalle AG, Price list of electromagnetically separated isotopes (2023), https://institut-seltene-erden.de/unser-service-2/metall-preise/preise-fuer-stabile-isotope/.
  86. K. Suzuki, The p¯ physics opportunities at the j-parc hadron facility, in Fourth international workshop on the extension project for the J-PARC hadron experimental facility (HEF-ex) (2024), https://kds.kek.jp/event/46965/contributions/.
  87. M. Christiansen, F. Schupp, P. Achenbach, M. Bölting, J. Pochodzalla, and M. Steinen, Exploring the neutron skin by hyperon-antihyperon production in antiproton-nucleus interactions, EPJ Web Conf. 271, 02011 (2022).
  88. M. Christiansen, Einfluss der Neutronenhaut auf die Produktion von Hyperon-Anthyperon-Paaren bei Antiproton-Kern-Stößen, Bachelor's thesis, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2022.
  89. MOGON II high performance computing, https://hpc.uni-mainz.de/.
  90. J. Lombardi, R. Boyd, R. Arking, and A. Robbins, Nuclear sizes in Ca40,44,48, Nucl. Phys. A 188, 103 (1972).
  91. A. Chaumeaux, V. Layly, and R. Schaeffer, Neutron densities from 1 GeV proton scattering, Phys. Lett. B 72, 33 (1977).
  92. G. Igo, G. Adams, T. Bauer, G. Pauletta, C. Whitten, A. Wreikat, G. Hoffmann, G. Blanpied, W. Coker, C. Harvey, R. Liljestrand, L. Ray, J. Spencer, H. Thiessen, C. Glashausser, N. Hintz, M. Oothoudt, H. Nann, K. Seth, B. Wood et al., Elastic differential cross sections and analyzing powers for p+Ca40,42,44,48 at 0.8 GeV, Phys. Lett. B 81, 151 (1979).
  93. M. H. Mahzoon, M. C. Atkinson, R. J. Charity, and W. H. Dickhoff, Neutron skin thickness of Ca48 from a nonlocal dispersive optical-model analysis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 222503 (2017).
  94. I. Brissaud, Y. Le Bornec, B. Tatischeff, L. Bimbot, M. Brussel, and G. Duhamel, Détermination du rayon de la distribution de neutrons de certains noyaux par l'étude de la diffusion élastique de particules alpha de 166 mev, Nucl. Phys. A 191, 145 (1972).
  95. G. Alkhazov, T. Bauer, R. Bertini, L. Bimbot, O. Bing, A. Boudard, G. Bruge, H. Catz, A. Chaumeaux, P. Couvert, J. Fontaine, F. Hibou, G. Igo, J. Lugol, and M. Matoba, Elastic and inelastic scattering of 1.37 GeV α-particles from Ca40,42,44,48, Nucl. Phys. A 280, 365 (1977).
  96. E. Friedman, H. J. Gils, H. Rebel, and Z. Majka, Ca48−Ca40 radius difference from elastic scattering of 104-MeV α particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1220 (1978).
  97. M. J. Jakobson, G. R. Burleson, J. R. Calarco, M. D. Cooper, D. C. Hagerman, I. Halpern, R. H. Jeppeson, K. F. Johnson, L. D. Knutson, R. E. Marrs, H. O. Meyer, and R. P. Redwine, Neutron radii of calcium isotopes from pion total cross section measurements, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1201 (1977).
  98. E. Friedman, Neutron skins of Pb208 and Ca48 from pionic probes, Nucl. Phys. A 896, 46 (2012).
  99. V. E. Starodubsky and N. M. Hintz, Extraction of neutron densities from elastic proton scattering by Pb206,207,208 at 650 MeV, Phys. Rev. C 49, 2118 (1994).
  100. A. M. Mack, N. M. Hintz, D. Cook, M. A. Franey, J. Amann, M. Barlett, G. W. Hoffmann, G. Pauletta, D. Ciskowski, and M. Purcell, Proton scattering by Pb206,207,208 at 650 MeV: Phenomenological analysis, Phys. Rev. C 52, 291 (1995).
  101. B. Kłos, A. Trzcińska, J. Jastrzebski, T. Czosnyka, M. Kisieliński, P. Lubiński, P. Napiorkowski, L. Pieńkowski, F. J. Hartmann, B. Ketzer, P. Ring, R. Schmidt, T. von Egidy, R. Smolańczuk, S. Wycech, K. Gulda, W. Kurcewicz, E. Widmann, and B. A. Brown, Neutron density distributions from antiprotonic Pb208 and Bi209 atoms, Phys. Rev. C 76, 014311 (2007).
  102. S. Wycech, F. J. Hartmann, J. Jastrzébski, B. Kłos, A. Trzcińska, and T. von Egidy, Nuclear surface studies with antiprotonic atom x rays, Phys. Rev. C 76, 034316 (2007).
  103. B. A. Brown, G. Shen, G. C. Hillhouse, J. Meng, and A. Trzcińska, Neutron skin deduced from antiprotonic atom data, Phys. Rev. C 76, 034305 (2007).
  104. A. Klimkiewicz et al. (LAND Collaboration), Nuclear symmetry energy and neutron skins derived from pygmy dipole resonances, Phys. Rev. C 76, 051603(R) (2007).
  105. A. Tamii, P. von Neumann-Cosel, and I. Poltoratska, Electric dipole response of Pb208 from proton inelastic scattering: Constraints on neutron skin thickness and symmetry energy, Eur. Phys. J. A 50, 28 (2014).
  106. J. Piekarewicz, B. K. Agrawal, G. Colò, W. Nazarewicz, N. Paar, P.-G. Reinhard, X. Roca-Maza, and D. Vretenar, Electric dipole polarizability and the neutron skin, Phys. Rev. C 85, 041302(R) (2012).
  107. M. Csatlós, A. Krasznahorkay, D. Sohler, A. M. van den Berg, N. Blasi, J. Gulyás, M. N. Harakeh, M. Hunyadi, M. A. de Huu, Z. Máté, S. Y. van der Werf, H. J. Wörtche, and L. Zolnai, Measurement of neutron-skin thickness in Pb208 by excitation of the GDR via inelastic α-scattering, Nucl. Phys. A 719, C304 (2003).
  108. A. Krasznahorkay, N. Paar, D. Vretenar, and M. Harakeh, Neutron-skin thickness of Pb208 from the energy of the anti-analogue giant dipole resonance, Phys. Scr. T154, 014018 (2013).
  109. J. Yasuda, T. Wakasa, M. Okamoto, M. Dozono, K. Hatanaka, M. Ichimura, S. Kuroita, Y. Maeda, T. Noro, Y. Sakemi, M. Sasano, and K. Yako, Extraction of anti-analog giant dipole resonance and neutron skin thickness for Pb208, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2013, 063D02 (2013).
  110. T. Wakasa, M. Okamoto, M. Dozono, K. Hatanaka, M. Ichimura, S. Kuroita, Y. Maeda, H. Miyasako, T. Noro, T. Saito, Y. Sakemi, T. Yabe, and K. Yako, Complete sets of polarization transfer observables for the Pb208(p⃗, n⃗) reaction at 296 MeV and Gamow-Teller and spin-dipole strengths for Pb208, Phys. Rev. C 85, 064606 (2012).
  111. T. E. Riley, A. L. Watts, S. Bogdanov, P. S. Ray, R. M. Ludlam, S. Guillot, Z. Arzoumanian, C. L. Baker, A. V. Bilous, D. Chakrabarty, K. C. Gendreau, A. K. Harding, W. C. G. Ho, J. M. Lattimer, S. M. Morsink, and T. E. Strohmayer, A NICER view of PSR j0030+0451: Millisecond pulsar parameter estimation, Astrophys. J. 887, L21 (2019).
  112. M. C. Miller, F. K. Lamb, A. J. Dittmann, S. Bogdanov, Z. Arzoumanian, K. C. Gendreau, S. Guillot, A. K. Harding, W. C. G. Ho, J. M. Lattimer, R. M. Ludlam, S. Mahmoodifar, S. M. Morsink, P. S. Ray, T. E. Strohmayer, K. S. Wood, T. Enoto, R. Foster, T. Okajima, G. Prigozhin et al., PSR j0030+0451 mass and radius from NICER data and implications for the properties of neutron star matter, Astrophys. J. 887, L24 (2019).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. C 111, 064610– Published 11 June, 2025
  • Received 22 November 2024
  • Revised 21 March 2025
  • Accepted 22 May 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation