Identified charged hadron production in collisions at with the STAR detector
B. E. Aboona59, J. Adam17, G. Agakishiev32, I. Aggarwal45, M. M. Aggarwal45, Z. Ahammed66, A. Aitbayev32, I. Alekseev3,41, E. Alpatov41 et al. (STAR Collaboration)
E. Alpatov41, A. K. Alshammri33, A. Aparin32, S. Aslam21, J. Atchison2, G. S. Averichev32, V. Bairathi57, X. Bao53, P. Barik26, K. Barish12, S. Behera27, P. Bhagat31, A. Bhasin31, S. Bhatta56, I. G. Bordyuzhin3, J. D. Brandenburg44, A. V. Brandin41, C. Broodo24, X. Z. Cai54, H. Caines70, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez10, D. Cebra10, J. Ceska17, I. Chakaberia36, Y. S. Chang47, Z. Chang29, A. Chatterjee18, D. Chen12, J. H. Chen21, L. Chen13, Q. Chen22, W. Chen21, Z. Chen53, J. Cheng62, Y. Cheng11, W. Christie7, X. Chu7, S. Corey44, H. J. Crawford9, G. Dale-Gau17, A. Das17, D. De Souza Lemos7, T. G. Dedovich32, I. M. Deppner23, A. A. Derevschikov46, A. Deshpande56, A. Dhamija45, A. Dimri56, P. Dixit21, X. Dong36, J. L. Drachenberg2, E. Duckworth33, J. C. Dunlop7, Y. S. El-Feky5, J. Engelage9, G. Eppley48, S. Esumi63, O. Evdokimov14, O. Eyser7, B. Fan13, Y. Fang62, R. Fatemi34, S. Fazio8, H. Feng13, Y. Feng13, E. Finch55, Y. Fisyak7, F. A. Flor70, B. Fu13, C. Fu30, T. Fu53, T. Gao53, Y. Gao21, G. Garcia7, F. Geurts48, A. Gibson65, A. Giri24, K. Gopal27, X. Gou53, D. Grosnick65, A. Gu25, J. Gu21, A. Gupta31, A. Hamed5, R. J. Hamilton70, J. Han13, X. Han44, M. D. Harasty10, J. W. Harris70, H. Harrison-Smith34, L. B. Havener70, X. H. He30, Y. He53, C. Hu64, Q. Hu30, Y. Hu36, H. Huang43,1, H. Z. Huang11, S. L. Huang56, T. Huang14, Y. Huang19, Y. Huang30, Y. Huang21, M. Isshiki63, W. W. Jacobs29, A. Jalotra31, C. Jena27, Y. Ji36, J. Jia56,7, X. Jiang13, C. Jin48, Y. Jin13, N. Jindal44, X. Ju50, E. G. Judd9, S. Kabana57, D. Kalinkin34, J. Kang52, K. Kang62, A. R. Kanuganti7, D. Kapukchyan12, K. Kauder7, D. Keane33, A. Kechechyan32, M. Kesler33, A. Khanal68, A. Khanal58, J. Kim7, A. Kiselev7, A. G. Knospe37, L. Kochenda41, Y. Kong13, A. A. Korobitsin32, B. Korodi44, A. Yu. Kraeva41, P. Kravtsov41, L. Kumar45, M. C. Labonte10, R. Lacey56, J. M. Landgraf7, C. Larson34, A. Lebedev7, R. Lednicky32, J. H. Lee7, Y. H. Leung23, C. Li13, D. Li50, H-S. Li47, H. Li69, H. Li22, H. Li13, W. Li48, X. Li50, X. Li50, Y. Li62, Z. Li51, Z. Li50, X. Liang12, T. Lin53, Y. Lin22, C. Liu30, G. Liu51, H. Liu25, L. Liu13, L. Liu21, Z. Liu21, Z. Liu13, T. Ljubicic48, O. Lomicky17, E. M. Loyd12, T. Lu30, J. Luo50, X. F. Luo13, V. B. Luong32, L. Ma21, R. Ma7, Y. G. Ma21, N. Magdy60, R. Manikandhan24, O. Matonoha17, K. Menduli26, K. Mi64, N. G. Minaev46, B. Mohanty42, B. Mondal42, M. M. Mondal38, I. Mooney70, D. A. Morozov46, M. I. Nagy19, C. J. Naim56, A. S. Nain45, J. D. Nam58, M. Nasim26, H. Nasrulloh50, E. Nedorezov32, J. M. Nelson9, M. Nie53, G. Nigmatkulov14, T. Niida63, L. V. Nogach46, T. Nonaka63, G. Odyniec36, A. Ogawa7, S. Oh52, V. A. Okorokov41, K. Okubo63, B. S. Page7, M. Pal58, S. Pal17, A. Pandav36, A. Panday26, A. K. Pandey67, Y. Panebratsev32, T. Pani49, P. Parfenov41, A. Paul12, S. Paul56, C. Perkins9, S. Ping21, I. D. Ponce Pinto70, M. Posik58, E. Pottebaum70, A. Povarov41, S. Prodhan27, T. L. Protzman37, N. K. Pruthi45, J. Putschke68, Y. Qi13, Z. Qin62, H. Qiu30, C. Racz12, S. K. Radhakrishnan33, A. Rana45, R. L. Ray61, C. W. Robertson47, O. V. Rogachevsky32, M. A. Rosales Aguilar34, D. Roy49, L. Ruan7, A. K. Sahoo30, N. R. Sahoo27, H. Sako63, S. Salur49, S. S. Sambyal31, E. Samigullin3, D. T. Samuel33, J. K. Sandhu37, S. Sato63, B. C. Schaefer37, N. Schmitz39, J. Seger16, R. Seto12, P. Seyboth39, N. Shah28, E. Shahaliev32, P. V. Shanmuganathan7, T. Shao21, M. Sharma31, N. Sharma71, R. Sharma27, S. R. Sharma27, A. I. Sheikh33, D. Shen53, D. Y. Shen30, K. Shen50, S. Shi13, Y. Shi53, Shilpa33, E. Shulga7, F. Si50, J. Singh57, S. Singha30, P. Sinha27, M. J. Skoby6,47, Y. Söhngen23, Y. Song70, T. D. S. Stanislaus65, M. Strikhanov41, Y. Su50, X. Sun30, Y. Sun50, B. Surrow58, D. N. Svirida3, Z. W. Sweger10, A. C. Tamis70, A. H. Tang7, Z. Tang50, A. Taranenko41, T. Tarnowsky40, J. H. Thomas36, A. Timofeev32, D. Tlusty16, M. V. Tokarev32, D. Torres-Valladares48, S. Trentalange11, O. D. Tsai11,7, C. Y. Tsang33,7, Z. Tu7, J. E. Tyler59, T. Ullrich7, D. G. Underwood4,65, G. Van Buren7, A. N. Vasiliev46,41, F. Videbæk7, S. Vokal32, S. A. Voloshin68, F. Wang47, G. Wang11, G. Wang13, J. S. Wang25, J. Wang53, K. Wang50, X. Wang53, Y. Wang50, Y. Wang13, Y. Wang62, Z. Wang21, Z. Wang13, Z. Wang53, J. C. Webb7, P. C. Weidenkaff23, G. D. Westfall40, H. Wieman36, G. Wilks14, S. W. Wissink29, C. P. Wong7, J. Wu64, X. Wu11, X. Wu50, X. Wu13, B. Xi21, Y. Xiao21, Z. G. Xiao62, G. Xie64, W. Xie47, H. Xu25, N. Xu13, Q. H. Xu53, X. Xu62, Y. Xu53, Y. Xu21, Y. Xu13, Y. Xu30, Z. Xu33, Z. Xu4, G. Yan53, Z. Yan56, C. Yang53, Q. Yang53, S. Yang51, Y. Yang1,43, Z. Ye51, Z. Ye36, L. Yi53, Y. Yu53, W. Yuan62, W. Zha50, C. Zhang21, D. Zhang51, J. Zhang53, K. Zhang13, L. Zhang13, S. Zhang15, W. Zhang51, X. Zhang30, Y. Zhang30, Y. Zhang50, Y. Zhang53, Y. Zhang22, Z. Zhang7, Z. Zhang14, F. Zhao35, J. Zhao21, S. Zhou13, Y. Zhou13, C. Zhu13, X. Zhu62, M. Zurek4,7, and M. Zyzak20 (STAR Collaboration)
- 1Academia Sinica, Nankang, 115, Taipei
- 2Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
- 3Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 117218
- 4Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- 5American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- 6Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- 7Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- 8University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
- 9University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- 10University of California, Davis, California 95616
- 11University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- 12University of California, Riverside, California 92521
- 13Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
- 14University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
- 15Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331
- 16Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
- 17Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- 18National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
- 19ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
- 20Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- 21Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
- 22Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004
- 23University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- 24University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
- 25Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
- 26Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
- 27Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
- 28Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
- 29Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
- 30Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
- 31University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
- 32Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- 33Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
- 34University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
- 35Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000
- 36Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
- 37Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
- 38Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Pagwara, Panjab 144411, India
- 39Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
- 40Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- 41National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- 42National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
- 43National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
- 44The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- 45Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- 46NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
- 47Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- 48Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
- 49Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- 50University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
- 51South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
- 52Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea, Republic Of
- 53Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
- 54Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
- 55Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
- 56State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
- 57Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
- 58Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
- 59Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- 60Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004
- 61University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
- 62Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
- 63University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- 64University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
- 65Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
- 66Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
- 67Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
- 68Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
- 69Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065
- 70Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- 71University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
Phys. Rev. C 113, 054907 – Published 19 May, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4161-dflc
Abstract
We present results on the production of , and in collisions at using the STAR detector at RHIC, at midrapidity (). Invariant yields of these particles as a function of transverse momentum are shown. We determine bulk properties such as integrated particle yields (), mean transverse momentum (), particle ratios, which provide insight into the particle production mechanisms. Additionally, the kinetic freezeout parameters ( and ), which provide information about the dynamics of the system at the time of freezeout, are obtained. The Bjorken energy density (), which gives an estimate of the energy density in the central rapidity region of the collision zone at the formation time , is calculated and presented as a function of multiplicity for various energies. The results are compared with those from the models such as A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) and Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator (HIJING) for further insights.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
- Charged-particle multiplicity
- Collective flow
- Nucleon-nucleon interactions
- Particle & resonance production
- Particle interactions
- QCD in nuclear reactions
- QCD phase transitions
- Quark-gluon plasma
- Relativistic heavy-ion collisions
- Transport in heavy-ion collisions
- Hydrodynamic models
- Thermal & statistical models