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Hot pygmy dipole strength in nickel isotopes

Amandeep Kaur1,*, Esra Yüksel2,†, and Nils Paar1,‡

  • 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
  • 2School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom

  • *Contact author: akaur.phy@pmf.hr
  • †Contact author: e.yuksel@surrey.ac.uk
  • ‡Contact author: npaar@phy.hr

Phys. Rev. C 112, L051304 – Published 26 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3t7h-nds7

Abstract

At finite temperatures, nuclear excitations are significantly modified, most notably through the emergence of additional low-energy dipole strength, which can critically impact astrophysical reaction rates. Ongoing fusion-evaporation experiments on Ni isotopes provide a unique opportunity to investigate the hot pygmy dipole strength (HPDS), underscoring the need for reliable theoretical predictions and a comprehensive understanding of this emerging phenomenon. In this work, the HPDS is investigated in Ni isotopes from N=Z to neutron-rich systems (Ni56–70) over a temperature range of T=0–2 MeV using the finite-temperature relativistic quasiparticle random-phase approximation (FT-RQRPA). In neutron-rich Ni isotopes, the pygmy dipole strength at higher temperatures exceeds by up to 2.5 times its value observed at zero temperature. In contrast, near N≈Z, isotopes show negligible low-energy dipole strength at T=0 MeV but develop a pronounced HPDS as the temperature increases. Predicted E1 energy-weighted strength (SEWS) and cumulative B(E1) values for HPDS are presented across the Ni isotopic chain for various low-energy intervals and temperatures, providing essential benchmarks to support and guide experimental studies.

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