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Rare multinucleon decays with the full data sets of the Majorana Demonstrator

I. J. Arnquist1, F. T. Avignone, III2,3, A. S. Barabash4, E. Blalock5,6, B. Bos7,6, M. Busch8,6, Y.-D. Chan9, J. R. Chapman7,6, C. D. Christofferson10 et al. (Majorana Collaboration)

C. D. Christofferson10, P.-H. Chu11,*, C. Cuesta12, J. A. Detwiler13, Yu. Efremenko14,3, H. Ejiri15, S. R. Elliott11, N. Fuad16, G. K. Giovanetti17, M. P. Green5,6,3, J. Gruszko7,6, I. S. Guinn3, V. E. Guiseppe3, R. Henning7,6, E. W. Hoppe1, R. T. Kouzes1, A. Li18, R. Massarczyk11, S. J. Meijer11, L. S. Paudel19, W. Pettus16, A. W. P. Poon9, D. C. Radford3, A. L. Reine16, K. Rielage11, D. C. Schaper11,†, S. J. Schleich16, D. Tedeschi2, R. L. Varner3, S. Vasilyev20, S. L. Watkins11,‡, J. F. Wilkerson7,6,3, C. Wiseman13, and C.-H. Yu3 (Majorana Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: pchu@lanl.gov
  • †Present address: Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
  • ‡Present address: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.

Phys. Rev. C 112, L022501 – Published 7 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2pgp-hvst

Abstract

The Majorana Demonstrator was an ultra-low-background experiment designed for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) investigation in Ge76. Located at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, the Demonstrator utilized modular high-purity Ge detector arrays within shielded vacuum cryostats, operating deep underground. The arrays, with a capacity of up to 40.4 kg (27.2 kg enriched to ∼88% in Ge76), have accumulated the full data set, totaling 64.5 kg yr of enriched active exposure and 27.4 kg yr of exposure for natural detectors. Our updated search improves previously explored three-nucleon decay modes in Ge isotopes, setting new partial lifetime limits of 1.83×1026 yr (90% confidence level) for Ge76(ppp) → Cu73 e+π+π+ and Ge76(ppn) → Zn73 e+π+. The partial lifetime limit for the fully inclusive triproton decay mode of Ge76 is found to be 2.1×1025 yr. Furthermore, we have updated limits for corresponding multinucleon decays.

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