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Multidimensional measurements of beam single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic charged-kaon electroproduction off protons in the valence region

A. Kripko36, S. Diehl36,7, K. Joo7, P. Achenbach43, J. S. Alvarado23, M. Amaryan35, W. R. Armstrong1, H. Atac42, H. Avakian43 et al. (CLAS Collaboration1)

H. Avakian43, L. Baashen25, N. A. Baltzell43, L. Barion16, M. Bashkanov51, F. Benmokhtar9, A. Bianconi46,22, A. S. Biselli10, M. Bondi19,21, F. Bossù5, S. Boiarinov43, K.-T. Brinkmann36, W. J. Briscoe14, W. K. Brooks44,43, T. Cao43, R. Capobianco7, D. S. Carman43, J. C. Carvajal12, A. Celentano18, P. Chatagnon5,23, G. Ciullo16,11, P. L. Cole28, M. Contalbrigo16, V. Crede13, A. D'Angelo19,37, N. Dashyan54, R. De Vita18,*, M. Defurne5, A. Deur43, C. Dilks43, C. Djalali34, R. Dupre23, H. Egiyan43, A. El Alaoui44, L. El Fassi30, L. Elouadrhiri43, S. Fegan51, I. P. Fernando52, A. Filippi20, G. Gavalian43, G. P. Gilfoyle48, D. I. Glazier49, R. W. Gothe40, Y. Gotra43, K. Hafidi1, H. Hakobyan44, M. Hattawy35, F. Hauenstein43, T. B. Hayward29,53, D. Heddle6,43, A. Hobart23, M. Holtrop33, Y. Ilieva40, D. G. Ireland49, E. L. Isupov39, H. Jiang49, H. S. Jo26, T. Kageya43, A. Kim7, W. Kim26, V. Klimenko7,1, V. Kubarovsky43, S. E. Kuhn35, L. Lanza19,37, P. Lenisa16,11, X. Li38, Z. Lu41, I. J. D. MacGregor49, D. Marchand23, D. Martiryan54, V. Mascagna46,45,22, D. Matamoros23, M. Maynes30, B. McKinnon49, R. G. Milner29, T. Mineeva27, M. Mirazita17, V. Mokeev43, C. Munoz Camacho23, P. Nadel-Turonski40,43, T. Nagorna18, K. Neupane40, D. Nguyen43,50, S. Niccolai23, G. Niculescu24, M. Osipenko18, M. Ouillon30, P. Pandey29, L. L. Pappalardo16,11, R. Paremuzyan43,33, E. Pasyuk43,2, S. J. Paul47, N. Pilleux1, S. Polcher Rafael5, J. Poudel43, J. W. Price3, Y. Prok35, T. Reed12, M. Ripani18, J. Ritman15, C. D. Roberts31, P. Rossi43,17, A. A. Rusova39, S. Schadmand15, A. Schmidt14,29, Y. G. Sharabian43, E. V. Shirokov39, S. Shrestha42, U. Shrestha7, D. Sokhan49, N. Sparveris42, M. Spreafico18, I. I. Strakovsky14, S. Strauch40, R. Tyson43, M. Ungaro43, S. Vallarino18, L. Venturelli46,22, T. Vittorini18, H. Voskanyan54, A. Vossen8,43, E. Voutier23, Y. Wang29, D. P. Watts51, U. Weerasinghe30, X. Wei43, M. H. Wood4, L. Xu23, S.-S. Xu32, N. Zachariou51, V. Ziegler43, and M. Zurek1 (CLAS Collaboration1)

  • 1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
  • 2Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504, USA
  • 3California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
  • 4Canisius University, Buffalo, New York, USA
  • 5IRFU, CEA, Universit'e Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 6Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 7University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
  • 8Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0305, USA
  • 9Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
  • 10Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
  • 11Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
  • 12Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
  • 13Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
  • 14The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
  • 15GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 16INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
  • 17INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
  • 18INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
  • 19INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
  • 20INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
  • 21INFN, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
  • 22INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
  • 23Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 24James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
  • 25King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
  • 26Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
  • 27Universidad de La Serena, Avda. Juan Cisternas 1200, La Serena, Chile
  • 28Lamar University, 4400 MLK Blvd, PO Box 10046, Beaumont, Texas 77710, USA
  • 29Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
  • 30Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-5167, USA
  • 31School of Physics and Institute for Nonperturbative Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
  • 32School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
  • 33University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
  • 34Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
  • 35Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
  • 36II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
  • 37Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
  • 38Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
  • 39Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
  • 40University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
  • 41School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
  • 42Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
  • 43Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
  • 44Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
  • 45Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy
  • 46Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
  • 47University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA
  • 48University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
  • 49University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
  • 50University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
  • 51University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
  • 52University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
  • 53College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
  • 54Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia

  • *Present address: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
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Phys. Rev. C 112, 055202 – Published 12 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2m4z-htrp

Abstract

Measurements of beam single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic electron scattering (SIDIS) with positively charged kaons off protons have been performed with 10.6 and 10.2 GeV incident electron beams using the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. We report an analysis of the electroproduction of positively charged kaons over a large kinematic range of fractional energy, Bjorken x, transverse momentum, and photon virtualities Q2 ranging from 1 GeV2 up to 6 GeV2. This is the first published multidimensionally binned CLAS12 measurement of a kaon SIDIS single-spin asymmetry in the valence quark regime. The data provide constraints on the structure function ratio FLUsinϕ/FUU, where FLUsinϕ is a quantity with a leading twist of twist-3 that can reveal novel aspects of the quark-gluon correlations within the nucleon. The impact of the data on understanding the underlying reaction mechanisms and their kinematic variation is explored using theoretical models for the different contributing twist-3 parton-distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs).

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Corrections

29 January, 2026

Correction: The affiliation indicator for author C. D. Roberts was incorrect and has been fixed.

Article Text

Supplemental Material

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Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. C 112, 055202– Published 12 November, 2025
  • Received 10 April 2025
  • Accepted 3 October 2025
  • Corrected 29 January 2026
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