Background: Complexity of deuteron-nucleus interactions—due to reactions induced by nucleons following weak binding-energy deuteron breakup (BU) and stripping and pickup direct reactions (DRs) in addition to statistical preequilibrium emission (PE) and evaporation from the compound nucleus (CN)—still motivates deuteron database updates and advanced deuteron activation analysis.

Purpose: New measurements of deuteron-induced charged-particle emission cross sections of ${}^{\mathrm{nat}}\mathrm{Mo}$ enhance the available data and improve understanding of BU, DR, PE, and CN reaction mechanisms.

Methods: Activation cross sections for ${}^{88,89}\mathrm{Zr}$, ${}^{88–92,95–98}\mathrm{Nb}$, and ${}^{90,91,93,99,101}\mathrm{Mo}$ residual nuclei in deuteron-induced reactions on Mo were measured by the stacked-foil technique and high-resolution gamma spectrometry using the U-120M cyclotron of the CANAM infrastructure of NPI CAS, at energies up to 20 MeV, and at the NFS SPIRAL2/GANIL facility at energies up to 40 MeV, where a single-foil technique and a dedicated transport system were used for short-lived isotopes. Their analysis included ${}^{91–97,99,101}\mathrm{Tc}$ activation, paying particular attention to BU and DR mechanisms too.

Results: The measured activation excitation functions enhance the available deuteron data for molybdenum, while concurrent analysis of all available data may improve their consistency.

Conclusions: Overall agreement of the calculated and measured cross sections, including the new data up to 40 MeV, establishes a suitable description of nuclear mechanisms involved within deuteron-induced reactions on Mo, especially the BU and DR processes. An improved analysis of the $\mathrm{CN}+\mathrm{PE}$ spin distribution effects can take advantage of the isomeric-state activation data in this work.

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• Breakup reactions
• Charge-exchange reactions
• Direct reactions
• H & He induced nuclear reactions
• Models & methods for nuclear reactions
• Nuclear reactions