• Accepted Paper

Local magnetic order in the vacancy-disrupted spin ice Ho2TiO5

Raju Baral, Haidong Zhou, Qiang Zhang, Benjamin A. Frandsen, and Stuart Calder

Phys. Rev. B - Accepted 1 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r2kt-8sbh

Abstract

We investigate how local magnetic correlations evolve when the classical pyrochlore spin ice Ho2Ti2O7 is transformed into the partially disordered stuffed compound Ho2TiO5. Neutron scattering measurements were analyzed using real space magnetic pair distribution function, reciprocal space reverse Monte Carlo, and half-polarized neutron powder diffraction methods to connect the average crystal structure with local magnetic correlations. Both compounds retain long-range Fd-3m symmetry, but in Ho2TiO5 the average structure does not fully capture the local Ho–O, Ti–O, and O–O bond-length disorder associated with partial Ho/Ti occupancy. Despite this disorder, half-polarized neutron powder diffraction shows that the Ho moments retain local ⟨111⟩ Ising anisotropy and form spin-in/spin-out configurations on the tetrahedral network. In Ho2Ti2O7, real and reciprocal-space analyses show a nearly ideal 2-in/2-out spin ice state at 0.3 K, with ∼95% of tetrahedra satisfying the ice rule, followed by progressive thermal disordering on warming. In Ho2TiO5, most tetrahedra are magnetically incomplete because some tetrahedral vertices are occupied by nonmagnetic Ti rather than Ho; nevertheless, the dominant incomplete configurations are 2-in/1-out and 1-in/2-out, which are locally compatible with the ice rule if the missing Ho spin is restored. Ho2TiO5 is therefore a vacancy-disrupted spin ice in which the local ⟨111⟩ Ising character and short-range spin-in/spin-out correlations persist on a topologically incomplete magnetic network, while collective ice-rule correlations are strongly disrupted.

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