• Accepted Paper

Mixed-state phases from higher-order subsystem symmetry-protected topological phases with Kramers-Wannier symmetry

Aswin Parayil Mana, Zijian Song, Fei Yan, and Tzu-Chieh Wei

Phys. Rev. B - Accepted 6 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/k9br-q9yw

Abstract

Mixed-state phases have recently attracted significant attention as a generalization beyond their pure-state counterparts. Prominent examples include mixed-state symmetry-protected topological (mSPT) phases and the strong-to-weak symmetry breaking (SWSSB) phases. It has been shown recently that mSPT phases admit a holographic dual description in terms of higher-order subsystem SPT phases. In this work, we investigate the mixed-state phases obtained by tracing out the bulk degrees of freedom of higher-order subsystem SPT phases protected by non-invertible symmetries. We find that the resulting mixed states exhibit the coexistence of the symmetry-protected topological order and SWSSB. We also use the interface as a probe to characterize the mixed-state phases, and specifically, when there is no local modification to preserve the symmetries across the interface, the two sides of the interface are in distinct phases.

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