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    Controllable tuning of exciton polariton condensate flow in a waveguide by phase modulation

    Qiang Ai1,*, Peilin Wang2,*, Xiaokun Zhai1, Chunzi Xing1, Xinmiao Yang1, Zaharias Hatzopoulos3, Pavlos G. Savvidis4,5, Tianyu Liu1, Yong Zhang2,† et al.

    Stefan Schumacher6,7,8, Xuekai Ma6, and Tingge Gao1,‡

    • 1Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    • 2Center for Applied Mathematics and KL-AAGDM, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    • 3Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), 71110 Heraklion, Greece
    • 4Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Physics, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
    • 5Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310014, China
    • 6Department of Physics and Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP), Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
    • 7Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
    • 8Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: zhang_yong@tju.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: tinggegao@tju.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 112, 165305 – Published 10 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gyjg-46hv

    Abstract

    Controllable particle flows play an important role in modern optics and photonics. Switching off photon flows using optical methods is challenging to realize due to the limited ways to control photon interactions. Here, we realize an exciton polariton condensate flow in a waveguide of a GaAs microcavity with a potential gradient by using a tight pumping spot. Polariton condensate flow along the waveguide can be periodically switched off and on globally by adding a second local small spot on the waveguide. Tuning the pumping density or position induces a pump intensity and position-dependent potential barrier modulating the phase of the condensate by a polariton-exciton interaction. This enables us to study the polariton condensation process in a waveguide by phase modulation, which could find important applications in integrated photonic circuits and chips.

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