• Accepted Paper

Visualization of current-driven vortex formation in high-Tc cuprate superconductors

Shunsuke Nishimura, Takeyuki Tsuji, Takayuki Iwasaki, Mutsuko Hatano, Kento Sasaki, and Kensuke Kobayashi

Phys. Rev. B - Accepted 3 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4sfb-4vqd

Abstract

Cooling a type-II superconductor through 𝑇𝑐 under a transport current is routine, yet the vortex state after this process remains unclear. We investigate this process by imaging the magnetic field of a high-𝑇𝑐 cuprate strip using a quantum diamond microscope. Upon confirming that field cooling reproduces established edge effects, we find that current-biased cooling nucleates vortices even at zero applied field, leaving a central vortex- depleted region. In a small applied field, the vortex pattern polarizes opposite to the Lorentz force direction, and the vortex-depleted region shifts with increasing current. These observations show that cooling freezes the driven steady-state magnetic profile and are consistent with a self-consistent flux flow description. These results show how current history becomes imprinted and demonstrate that vortices undergo a glassy crossover from flow to a frozen configuration, opening an avenue to test nonequilibrium vortex dynamics.

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