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    Real-space observation of crystallographic axis dependent in-plane magnetic domain evolution in the kagome magnet Fe3Sn2

    Minghao Zheng1,*, Yu Zhu1,*, Zehua Bi1,*, Yong-Chang Lau2,3, Hang Li4,†, Bei Ding1,‡, and Wenhong Wang4

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: hangli@tiangong.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: dbei@m.scnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 114, 074423 – Published 17 August, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/yxvl-hb81

    Abstract

    The kagome magnet Fe3Sn2 has emerged as a key material for exploring topological spin textures, as well as intriguing transport phenomena driven by geometric frustration and spin-orbit coupling. While previous real space imaging studies have extensively characterized the ab plane magnetic domain, the crystallographic axis specific evolution pathways of the ac, bc, or side plane magnetic domain structure, which are crucial to the material's strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy, have unlikely been directly visualized. Here, we report that the C2 symmetry observed in macroscopic magnetic properties and magnetotransport measurements breaking the crystal's threefold rotational symmetry. Using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we directly observe domain evolution along two principal crystallographic axes [100] and [120]. The results reveal a fundamental contrast: domains in the (100) plane rotate continuously from the c axis to the ab plane during cooling, while in the (120) plane undergo magnetic domain reconstruction through metastable cross-tie domains. This crystallographic axis dependent behavior directly manifests the underlying magnetic anisotropy and the microscopic mechanism for the emergent C2 symmetry. These findings establish Fe3Sn2 as a model system where crystal direction dependent spin-orbit coupling governs anisotropic domain reconstruction in a frustrated kagome lattice.

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