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Dynamically dressed states of a quantum four-level system

Carolin Calcagno1,*, Friedrich Sbresny1, Thomas K. Bracht2,3, Sang Kyu Kim1, Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua1, Katarina Boos1, William Rauhaus1, Hubert Riedl4, Jonathan J. Finley4 et al.

Doris E. Reiter3 and Kai Müller1

  • *Contact author: carolin.calcagno@tum.de
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Phys. Rev. B 112, 245305 – Published 18 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/yqjn-w5m8

Abstract

In this work, we experimentally and theoretically study the dressed-state emission of the biexciton-exciton cascade in a semiconductor quantum dot under pulsed, resonant, two-photon excitation. Building on the well-characterized steady-state dressed emission of the four-level system, we examine its dynamic counterpart under pulsed, resonant excitation, addressing both experimental observations and theoretical modeling. Here we report several sidebands emerging from the biexciton-to-exciton transition, whose number and spectral width depend on the excitation pulse duration and the effective pulse area, while no sidebands emerge from the exciton-to-ground-state transition. Since the biexciton state population follows a nonlinear pulse area function, sidebands with a small spectral nonlinearity result. Detuning- and time-dependent measurements provide deeper insight into the emission properties of the dressed states. They show that side peak emission only occurs in the presence of the excitation pulse. Moreover, when the system is excited by a Gaussian-shaped laser pulse, side peak emission takes place sequentially.

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Phys. Rev. B 112, 245305– Published 18 December, 2025
  • Received 17 June 2025
  • Revised 11 November 2025
  • Accepted 18 November 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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