Strain-enhanced edge ferromagnetism and bipolar magnetic semiconducting behavior in Janus graphene nanoribbons
Phys. Rev. B 113, 094414 – Published 9 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xx3z-pf4h
Abstract
Using first-principles density functional theory and determinant quantum Monte Carlo methods, we show that Janus graphene nanoribbons with topological defect arrays () exhibit robust intrinsic ferromagnetism across widths , with bandgaps exceeding and stable ferromagnetic ground states. Notably, uniaxial tensile strain significantly enhances their ferromagnetic properties: at 25% strain, the Curie temperature increases to —a fivefold improvement over unstrained systems and the highest reported for graphene-based nanoribbons. Strain also induces a reversible transition to a bipolar magnetic semiconductor, with spin-flipped valence and conduction band edges beyond 10% strain. This dual functionality—strain-enhanced ferromagnetism and strain-induced spin flip—stems from strain-modulated orbital hybridization and strong direct exchange interaction. Among these, Janus graphene nanoribbons emerge as potential candidates for room-temperature spintronic devices and strain-programmable quantum transport systems.