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    Strain-enhanced edge ferromagnetism and bipolar magnetic semiconducting behavior in Janus graphene nanoribbons

    Ran Liu1, Hongxing Liu1, Junfeng Ren2, and Tianxing Ma1,*

    • *Contact author: txma@bnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 094414 – Published 9 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xx3z-pf4h

    Abstract

    Using first-principles density functional theory and determinant quantum Monte Carlo methods, we show that Janus graphene nanoribbons with topological defect arrays (m=2) exhibit robust intrinsic ferromagnetism across widths W=2–6, with bandgaps exceeding 200meV and stable ferromagnetic ground states. Notably, uniaxial tensile strain significantly enhances their ferromagnetic properties: at 25% strain, the Curie temperature increases to 222K—a fivefold improvement over unstrained systems and the highest reported for graphene-based nanoribbons. Strain also induces a reversible transition to a bipolar magnetic semiconductor, with spin-flipped valence and conduction band edges beyond 10% strain. This dual functionality—strain-enhanced ferromagnetism and strain-induced spin flip—stems from strain-modulated pz orbital hybridization and strong direct exchange interaction. Among these, W=5 Janus graphene nanoribbons emerge as potential candidates for room-temperature spintronic devices and strain-programmable quantum transport systems.

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