Realizing materials with intrinsic flat bands holds significant potential for accessing correlated and topological phases. In this work, via large-scale tight-binding calculations, we demonstrate that pairing frustrated quantum antidots in a hexagonal lattice yields intrinsically tunable flat bands. Simple scaling laws describing the relationship between flat-band energies and geometric dimensions exhibit excellent structural tunability over band-flattening behavior. A diverse range of customizable flat-band structures can be engineered based on homogeneous or heterogeneous antidot pairs. Furthermore, we show that thermal and strain perturbations can enhance flat-band isolation, with their topological characteristics depending on antidot dimensions under an applied magnetic field. Our findings propose an alternative yet robust strategy for intrinsic flat-band engineering.

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• Flat bands
• Geometric & topological phases
• Graphene
• Band structure methods