${\mathrm{PdTe}}_2$ has been synthesized with controllable thickness down to the monolayer limit. Based on first-principles calculations within the fully anisotropic Migdal–Eliashberg framework, this work reveals that alkali-metal intercalation markedly enhances the weak superconductivity of bilayer ${\mathrm{PdTe}}_2$, boosting the transition temperature from 1.4 K to 5.0–13.5 K and yielding a two-dome-like evolution of $T_c$. Rubidium intercalation induces the highest $T_c$ of 13.5 K, which can be further increased to 14.5 K under biaxial tensile strain. The strain-dependent evolution of $T_c$ also exhibits a two-dome-like behavior, reflecting the interplay between strain-induced band structure modifications and electron–phonon coupling (EPC). Moreover, a systematic correlation is identified between interlayer interaction and the superconducting gap. Lithium intercalation induces a distinct two-gap state, whereas intercalants with larger atomic radii (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) drive the system into a single-gap character. The two-gap to single-gap transition originates from the modulation of interlayer coupling through intercalation-induced interlayer expansion. In addition, pristine and Li/Na-intercalated bilayers exhibit nontrivial band topology, suggesting that layered ${\mathrm{PdTe}}_2$ provides a promising platform for realizing the coexistence of superconductivity and nontrivial topology. These results provide detailed anisotropic insights into EPC and offer viable pathways for enhancing $T_c$ and achieving diverse properties in layered ${\mathrm{PdTe}}_2$ systems.

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• Electron-phonon coupling
• Electronic structure
• Multiband superconductivity
• Superconducting gap
• Superconductivity
• 2-dimensional systems
• Transition metal dichalcogenides
• Ultrathin films
• Eliashberg theory
• First-principles calculations
• Methods in superconductivity