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    Statistics-encoded tensor network approach in disordered quantum many-body spin chains

    Hao Zhu1, Ding-Zu Wang2,3,*, Shi-Ju Ran4,†, and Guo-Feng Zhang1,‡

    • *Contact author: dingzu_wang@sutd.edu.sg
    • †Contact author: sjran@cnu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: gf1978zhang@buaa.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 085123 – Published 11 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/vb4b-m5h6

    Abstract

    Simulating the dynamics of quantum many-body systems with disorder is a fundamental challenge. In this work, we propose a general approach—the statistics-encoded tensor network (SeTN)—to study such systems. By encoding disorder into an auxiliary layer and averaging separately, SeTN restores translational invariance, enabling a well-defined transfer-matrix formulation. We derive a universal criterion, n≫α2t2, linking discretization n, disorder strength α, and evolution duration t. This sets the resolution required for faithful disorder averaging and shows that encoding is most efficient in the weak-disorder, typically chaotic regime. Applied to the disordered transverse-field Ising model, SeTN shows that, over the numerically accessible time window, the spectral form factor is governed by the leading transfer-matrix eigenvalue, in contrast to the kicked Ising model. SeTN thus provides a novel framework for probing the disorder-driven dynamical phenomena in many-body quantum systems.

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