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    Nodal lines in a honeycomb plasmonic crystal with synthetic spin

    Sang Hyun Park1,2, E. J. Mele3, and Tony Low1,*

    • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    • 2Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
    • 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA

    • *Contact author: tlow@umn.edu

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 165121 – Published 13 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/v5ph-3k44

    Abstract

    We analyze a plasmonic model on a honeycomb lattice of metallic nanodisks that hosts nodal lines enclosing the K points. An effective second-neighbor hopping between opposite synthetic spin states shifts the Dirac cones, leaving behind a nodal line at zero energy. Using both continuum and tight-binding models, we show that there is an ideal limit of the plasmonic crystal in which symmetries enforce the existence of nodal lines enclosing the K points. These nodal lines are not directly gapped even when these symmetries are weakly broken. The existence of the nodal lines in the weakly symmetry-broken case is verified using full-wave electromagnetic simulations. We also show that the nodal line degeneracies can be relieved by introducing a Kekulé distortion that acts to mix the nodal lines enclosing the K and K′ points. Our findings open pathways for designing unique plasmonic and photonic devices without reliance on complex symmetry engineering, presenting a convenient platform for studying nodal structures in two-dimensional systems.

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