order fractionalization in an exactly solvable spin-charge ladder
Phys. Rev. B 113, 125110 – Published 5 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/s8jf-2qd5
Abstract
Motivated by the order fractionalization in the Kitaev-Kondo model, we propose an exactly solvable spin-charge ladder model to study order fractionalization with discrete symmetry. The spin-charge ladder is composed of a spin chain and a superconducting wire coupled via an Ising-type interaction, and we obtain the exact solution in the flat band limit. The exact solution reveals the order fractionalization with dual symmetry breaking and intertwined order parameters. We investigate the topological phase transition of the spin-charge ladder via the spectral chiral index, and we identify the correlated topological superconductor phase with gapped Kondo flux excitations. We demonstrate that Majorana spinons generate odd frequency pairing in the superconducting wire. We also discuss the order fractionalization from the perspective of lattice gauge theory.