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    Cross-nonlinear generation induced by electric current and temperature gradient in MoGe/Y3Fe5O12

    Hiroki Arisawa1,2,*, Yuto Fujimoto1, Takashi Kikkawa1, Satoshi Okamoto3, Maki Umeda4, Hiroyuki Chudo4, and Eiji Saitoh1,2,5,6

    • *Contact author: h.arisawa@ap.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. B 111, 214519 – Published 18 June, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/s2w8-w4yw

    Abstract

    Cross-nonlinear responses to an electric current and a temperature gradient have been investigated in a superconducting MoGe film attached to a ferrimagnetic insulator Y3Fe5O12. We found that the MoGe film generates an electric voltage proportional to both the applied electric current and temperature gradient in the superconducting vortex-liquid phase of the MoGe. The observed cross-nonlinear voltage can be attributed to the motion of vortex strings that sense the difference in magnetic environment between the top and bottom surfaces of the MoGe film on the Y3Fe5O12. The effect demonstrated here expands the scope of thermoelectric physics in low-symmetry materials.

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