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    Singular flat bands in three dimensions: Landau level spreading, quantum geometry, and Weyl reconstruction

    Takuto Kawakami*, Yuji Igarashi, and Mikito Koshino

    • *Contact author: kawakami@phys.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. B 112, 125202 – Published 15 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rv4l-hxf8

    Abstract

    We theoretically investigate three-dimensional singular flat band systems, focusing on their quantum geometric properties and response to external magnetic fields. As a representative example, we study the pyrochlore lattice, which hosts a pair of degenerate flat bands touching a dispersive band. We derive a three-orbital effective continuum model that captures the essential features near the band-touching point. Within this framework, we identify the point-like topological singularity on a planar manifold defined by the degenerate flat band eigenvectors. This singularity strongly influences the quantum geometry and results in a characteristic Landau level structure, where the levels spread over a finite energy range. We show that this structure reflects the underlying band reconstruction due to the orbital Zeeman effect, which lifts the flat band degeneracy and induces the Weyl-semimetal-like dispersion near the singularity. Our analysis reveals that the range of Landau level spreading is proportional to the quantum metric of each Zeeman-split band. We further demonstrate that adding a small dispersion via longer-range hopping induces unconventional Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with a slowly drifting period. Finally, we show that our approach extends naturally to systems with higher orbital angular momentum, indicating the robustness of these features in a broad class of three-dimensional flat band models.

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