Out-of-plane ferroelectricity, magnetoelectric coupling, and persistent spin texture in two-dimensional multiferroics
Phys. Rev. B 112, 054412 – Published 5 August, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rcg6-3gxl
Abstract
Two-dimensional multiferroics with out-of-plane ferroelectricity hold significant promise for miniaturized magnetoelectric spin-orbit transistors, yet systems combining robust ferroelectricity and strong magnetoelectric coupling are exceedingly rare. Here, we demonstrate that epitaxial strain stabilizes out-of-plane ferroelectricity in exfoliated two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper derivatives. The hybrid improper ferroelectric phase transitions to a competing phase with purely in-plane polarization upon switching, accompanied by a rotation of weak ferromagnetism. Crucially, the phase exhibits altermagnetism, while displays full-Brillouin-zone band splitting, with persistent spin textures rotating at the phase boundary. This work establishes a pathway to engineer two-dimensional multiferroics that integrate vertical polarization, magnetoelectric coupling, and switchable spin textures—key features for next-generation spintronic devices.