Kagome materials are known for hosting emergent quantum phenomena driven by the interaction between different lattice, charge, and spin orders. Here, we present a detailed angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES), density functional theory (DFT), and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study of the electronic and magnetic structure of $R{\mathrm{Ti}}_3{\mathrm{Bi}}_4$ $(R=\mathrm{Nd}, \mathrm{Sm}, \mathrm{Gd})$. ARPES and DFT demonstrate that the bulk electronic band structure is dominated by the hybridization of the Ti bands, and the weak electron-like pocket at $\mathrm{\Gamma }$ is identified as a surface state. The isotropic XAS profile of the $M_{4,5}$ edge of the rare earth is consistent with the presence of the $R^{3+}$ oxidation state. Using the XMCD sum rules, backed by the atomic-multiplet-theory calculations, we obtain the spin and orbital magnetic moments. The Ti $L_{2,3}$-edge XMCD reveals the presence of a small magnetic moment in ${\mathrm{GdTi}}_3{\mathrm{Bi}}_4$, presumably driven by the proximity of the Ti kagome layers to the zigzag chains of Gd, while the total magnetic moment of Gd is shared by the $f$ and $d$ electrons. Our combined XMCD, ARPES, and DFT study provides an important piece of information to understand the spin-flip transitions and anomalous Hall effect observed in the $R{\mathrm{Ti}}_3{\mathrm{Bi}}_4$ kagome metals.

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• Electronic structure
• Magnetism
• Kagome metal
• Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
• X-ray magnetic circular dichroism