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    Tensor network loop cluster expansions for quantum many-body problems

    Johnnie Gray1,*, Gunhee Park2, Glen Evenbly3, Nicola Pancotti4, Eirik F. Kjønstad1, and Garnet Kin-Lic Chan1

    • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 2Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 3AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
    • 4NVIDIA Corporation, 2788 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, USA

    • *Contact author: johnniemcgray@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 235135 – Published 22 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r6mz-6q3g

    Abstract

    We analyze the tensor network loop cluster expansion, introduced by G. Park et al. [Phys. Rev. B 112, 174310 (2025)] as a systematic correction to belief propagation, in the context of general quantum many-body problems. We provide numerical examples of the accuracy and practical applicability of the approach for the computation of ground-state observables for high bond dimension tensor networks, in two and three dimensions, with open and periodic boundary conditions, and for spin and fermion problems. We find that the contraction error converges approximately exponentially with cluster size, enabling accurate local observable and energy estimates for many systems where standard contraction methods are otherwise impractical.

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