Aharonov-Casher phase: Considerations regarding force, time dependence, and Berry phase
Phys. Rev. B 112, 224309 – Published 10 December, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r1f4-6tfp
Abstract
The relation of the Aharonov-Casher (AC) effect and the force on a particle having a magnetic moment is explored. The general form of the AC Hamiltonian is derived using the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation to the Dirac equation. Geometries in which an analytic expression for the phase can be obtained are examined, as well as the relation of the AC phase to the Berry phase. The AC phase is determined for an arbitrary homogeneous electric field; it is quadratic (linear) in the field strength for small (large) electric field strengths.
