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Interlayer coupling in two-dimensional and phosphorene bilayers: Benchmark quantum Monte Carlo study of interaction energies and quasiparticle band gaps
Phys. Rev. B 113, 115159 – Published 30 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qt9c-47mn
Abstract
Using high-accuracy many-body quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods, we study the effect of interlayer coupling on the properties of two-dimensional freestanding bilayers (BLs) of and phosphorene. The properties of the two BL-materials are very different and largely determined by the interlayer interaction, which is purely van der Waals in and partially electronic/chemical in phosphorene, resulting in a modest layer-dependent property modulation in and strong modulation in phosphorene. Multireference and symmetry considerations are used to construct state-of-the-art accuracy QMC trial wave functions. We determine the quasiparticle band gaps for both materials, in BL- and =1.59 in BL-phosphorene. These benchmark band-gap values make it possible to consolidate the interpretation of the widely scattered experimental and theory data.