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Tunneling spectroscopy of two-dimensional superconductors with the quantum twisting microscope

Nemin Wei1, Felix von Oppen2, and Leonid I. Glazman1

  • 1Department of Physics and Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
  • 2Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany

Phys. Rev. B 113, 064502 – Published 9 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qsx1-7zmy

Abstract

The ongoing discoveries of graphene-based superconductors underscore the quest to understand the structure of new superconducting orders. We develop a theory that facilitates the use of the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) for that purpose. This work investigates momentum-conserving tunneling across a planar junction formed by a normal monolayer graphene tip and a superconducting graphene sample within the QTM setting. We show that the bias dependence of the zero-temperature tunneling conductance exhibits singularities that provide momentum-resolved information about the Bogoliubov quasiparticle spectra, including the superconducting gap. Using a model of superconducting twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), we illustrate that simultaneously tuning the tip doping level and the tip-sample twist angle allows for measuring the momentum-resolved superconducting gap in TBG. Our results indicate that momentum-conserving tunneling spectroscopy with the QTM is a promising method for exploring superconductivity in two-dimensional van der Waals materials.

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