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  • Letter

Floquet second-order topological insulator in strained graphene

Yu-Wen Xu1,*, Xiaolin Wan1,*, Zi-Ming Wang1,*, Rui Wang1,2, and Dong-Hui Xu1,2,†

  • 1Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
  • 2Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: donghuixu@cqu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 113, L201113 – Published 18 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/q82n-c1vl

Abstract

Graphene provides a canonical setting for Floquet band engineering, where circularly polarized light can dynamically open topological gaps at Dirac points and generate nonequilibrium Hall responses. Here we show that uniaxial strain and off-resonant circularly polarized light with tunable incidence angle enable a controllable route to Floquet higher-order topology in graphene. Using a strained honeycomb tight-binding model with Peierls coupling and a high-frequency expansion for the effective Floquet Hamiltonian, we find that strain drives the Dirac cones toward the Dirac-merging (semi-Dirac) critical regime, where the light-induced mass becomes strongly anisotropic. For oblique incidence, the projected drive is effectively elliptically polarized and, in combination with strain, stabilizes a phase with gapped edges but robust in-gap corner modes in finite geometries, realizing a Floquet second-order topological insulator. We characterize the phase diagram via the Chern number and a crystalline-symmetry-quantized polarization invariant. Finally, first-principles-informed tight-binding calculations corroborate the predicted topological evolution in strained graphene nanostructures. Our results identify driven strained graphene as a realistic and tunable platform for realizing and diagnosing Floquet higher-order topological phases.

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