Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Noise signatures of a charged Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev dot in mesoscopic transport

Andrei I. Pavlov1,* and Mikhail N. Kiselev2

  • *Contact author: andrei.pavlov@kit.edu

Phys. Rev. B 113, 125148 – Published 27 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/plh5-5plf

Abstract

We investigate quantum noise in a mesoscopic quantum dot serving as a realization of the charged Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model weakly coupled to a fermionic lead via a tunnel contact. We find noise signatures under voltage and temperature biases that can serve as clear markers of the SYK physics in experiments with related setups. We develop a linear response theory that treats all types of noise on the same footing and generalizes a concept of transport coefficients for charge and heat currents, as well as relations between them, to equilibrium noise power. Within this theory, we find characteristic scaling of the noise coefficients with temperature in all regimes that can be relevant for experimental realizations of the SYK dots, find a set of universal constants, with their values being unique to the SYK physics, that connect these coefficients, and characterize noise manifestations of the Coulomb blockade. Beyond SYK systems, these results may serve as a general framework for identification of non-Fermi-liquid signatures in mesoscopic transport and provide additional observables for experiments on thermoelectric phenomena.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (104)

  1. S. Sachdev and J. Ye, Gapless spin-fluid ground state in a random quantum Heisenberg magnet, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 3339 (1993).
  2. A. Kitaev, A simple model of quantum holography, online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/entangled15/kitaev/; online.kitp.ucsb.edu/online/entangled15/kitaev2/.
  3. S. Sachdev, Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and strange metals, Phys. Rev. X 5, 041025 (2015).
  4. Y. Gu, A. Kitaev, S. Sachdev, and G. Tarnopolsky, Notes on the complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2020) 157.
  5. M. Tikhanovskaya, H. Guo, S. Sachdev, and G. Tarnopolsky, Excitation spectra of quantum matter without quasiparticles. I. Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, Phys. Rev. B 103, 075141 (2021).
  6. D. Chowdhury, A. Georges, O. Parcollet, and S. Sachdev, Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models and beyond: Window into non-Fermi liquids, Rev. Mod. Phys. 94, 035004 (2022).
  7. A. Kitaev and S. J. Suh, The soft mode in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model and its gravity dual, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2018) 183.
  8. K. Jensen, Chaos in AdS2 holography, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 111601 (2016).
  9. J. Sonner and M. Vielma, Eigenstate thermalization in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2017) 149.
  10. A. Altland and D. Bagrets, Quantum ergodicity in the SYK model, Nucl. Phys. B 930, 45 (2018).
  11. A. Altland, K. W. Kim, T. Micklitz, M. Rezaei, J. Sonner, and J. J. M. Verbaarschot, Quantum chaos on edge, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, 033286 (2024).
  12. I. Danshita, M. Hanada, and M. Tezuka, Creating and probing the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model with ultracold gases: Towards experimental studies of quantum gravity, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2017, 083I01 (2017).
  13. D. I. Pikulin and M. Franz, Black hole on a chip: Proposal for a physical realization of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model in a solid-state system, Phys. Rev. X 7, 031006 (2017).
  14. A. Chen, R. Ilan, F. de Juan, D. I. Pikulin, and M. Franz, Quantum holography in a graphene flake with an irregular boundary, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 036403 (2018).
  15. C. Wei and T. A. Sedrakyan, Optical lattice platform for the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, Phys. Rev. A 103, 013323 (2021).
  16. R. Baumgartner, P. Pelliconi, S. Bandyopadhyay, F. Orsi, N. Sauerwein, P. Hauke, J.-P. Brantut, and J. Sonner, Quantum simulation of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model using time-dependent disorder in optical cavities, arXiv:2411.17802.
  17. N. V. Gnezdilov, J. A. Hutasoit, and C. W. J. Beenakker, Low-high voltage duality in tunneling spectroscopy of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, Phys. Rev. B 98, 081413(R) (2018).
  18. O. Can, E. M. Nica, and M. Franz, Charge transport in graphene-based mesoscopic realizations of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, Phys. Rev. B 99, 045419 (2019).
  19. A. Altland, D. Bagrets, and A. Kamenev, Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev non-Fermi-liquid correlations in nanoscopic quantum transport, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 226801 (2019).
  20. A. Kruchkov, A. A. Patel, P. Kim, and S. Sachdev, Thermoelectric power of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev islands: Probing Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in quantum matter experiments, Phys. Rev. B 101, 205148 (2020).
  21. A. I. Pavlov and M. N. Kiselev, Quantum thermal transport in the charged Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: Thermoelectric Coulomb blockade, Phys. Rev. B 103, L201107 (2021).
  22. Y. Cheipesh, A. I. Pavlov, V. Ohanesjan, K. Schalm, and N. V. Gnezdilov, Quantum tunneling dynamics in a complex-valued Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model quench-coupled to a cool bath, Phys. Rev. B 104, 115134 (2021).
  23. M. Brzezińska, Y. Guan, O. V. Yazyev, S. Sachdev, and A. Kruchkov, Engineering SYK interactions in disordered graphene flakes under realistic experimental conditions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 036503 (2023).
  24. L. Shackleton, L. E. Anderson, P. Kim, and S. Sachdev, Conductance and thermopower fluctuations in interacting quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 109, 235109 (2024).
  25. L. E. Anderson, A. Laitinen, A. Zimmerman, T. Werkmeister, L. Shackleton, A. Kruchkov, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, S. Sachdev, and P. Kim, Magneto-thermoelectric transport in graphene quantum dot with strong correlations, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 246502 (2024).
  26. R. Landauer, Mesoscopic noise: Common sense view, Phys. B: Condens. Matter. 227, 156 (1996).
  27. Y. M. Blanter and M. Büttiker, Shot noise in mesoscopic conductors, Phys. Rep. 336, 1 (2000).
  28. Quantum Noise in Mesoscopic Physics, edited by Y. V. Nazarov, NATO Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 97 (Springer, Dordrecht, 2003).
  29. T. Martin, Noise in mesoscopic physics, in Nanophysics: Coherence and Transport, edited by H. Bouchiat, Y. Gefen, S. Guéron, G. Montambaux, and J. Dalibard, Les Houches, Session LXXXI (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2005), p. 283.
  30. R. Landauer, Solid-state shot noise, Phys. Rev. B 47, 16427 (1993).
  31. A. Thielmann, M. H. Hettler, J. König, and G. Schön, Shot noise in tunneling transport through molecules and quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 68, 115105 (2003).
  32. M. Galperin, A. Nitzan, and M. A. Ratner, Inelastic tunneling effects on noise properties of molecular junctions, Phys. Rev. B 74, 075326 (2006).
  33. K. Kobayashi and M. Hashisaka, Shot noise in mesoscopic systems: From single particles to quantum liquids, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 90, 102001 (2021).
  34. O. S. Lumbroso, L. Simine, A. Nitzan, D. Segal, and O. Tal, Electronic noise due to temperature differences in atomic-scale junctions, Nature (London) 562, 240 (2018).
  35. E. Sivre, H. Duprez, A. Anthore, A. Aassime, F. D. Parmentier, A. Cavanna, A. Ouerghi, U. Gennser, and F. Pierre, Electronic heat flow and thermal shot noise in quantum circuits, Nat. Commun. 10, 5638 (2019).
  36. S. Larocque, E. Pinsolle, C. Lupien, and B. Reulet, Shot noise of a temperature-biased tunnel junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 106801 (2020).
  37. J. Rech, T. Jonckheere, B. Grémaud, and T. Martin, Negative delta-T noise in the fractional quantum Hall effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 086801 (2020).
  38. A. Popoff, J. Rech, T. Jonckheere, L. Raymond, B. Grémaud, S. Malherbe, and T. Martin, Scattering theory of non-equilibrium noise and delta T current fluctuations through a quantum dot, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34, 185301 (2022).
  39. G. Zhang, I. V. Gornyi, and C. Spånslätt, Delta-T noise for weak tunneling in one-dimensional systems: Interactions versus quantum statistics, Phys. Rev. B 105, 195423 (2022).
  40. G. Rebora, J. Rech, D. Ferraro, T. Jonckheere, T. Martin, and M. Sassetti, Delta-t noise for fractional quantum Hall states at different filling factor, Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 043191 (2022).
  41. K. Iyer, J. Rech, T. Jonckheere, L. Raymond, B. Grémaud, and T. Martin, Colored delta-T noise in fractional quantum Hall liquids, Phys. Rev. B 108, 245427 (2023).
  42. A. I. Pavlov and M. N. Kiselev, Universal relations between thermoelectrics and noise in mesoscopic transport across a tunnel junction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 046301 (2026).
  43. J. K. Dong, Y. Tokiwa, S. L. Bud'ko, P. C. Canfield, and P. Gegenwart, Anomalous reduction of the Lorenz ratio at the quantum critical point in YbAgGe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 176402 (2013).
  44. Y. Wang, C. Setty, S. Sur, L. Chen, S. Paschen, D. Natelson, and Q. Si, Shot noise and universal Fano factor as a characterization of strongly correlated metals, Phys. Rev. Res. 6, L042045 (2024).
  45. A. Nikolaenko, S. Sachdev, and A. A. Patel, Theory of shot noise in strange metals, Phys. Rev. Res. 5, 043143 (2023).
  46. L. Onsager, Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes. I., Phys. Rev. 37, 405 (1931).
  47. L. I. Glazman and M. E. Raikh, Resonant Kondo transparency of a barrier with quasilocal impurity states, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 47, 378 (1988) [JETP Lett. 47, 452 (1988)].
  48. R. A. Davison, W. Fu, A. Georges, Y. Gu, K. Jensen, and S. Sachdev, Thermoelectric transport in disordered metals without quasiparticles: The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models and holography, Phys. Rev. B 95, 155131 (2017).
  49. X.-Y. Song, C.-M. Jian, and L. Balents, Strongly correlated metal built from Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 216601 (2017).
  50. D. Bagrets, A. Altland, and A. Kamenev, Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model as Liouville quantum mechanics, Nucl. Phys. B 911, 191 (2016).
  51. J. Maldacena and D. Stanford, Remarks on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, Phys. Rev. D 94, 106002 (2016).
  52. A. V. Lunkin, K. S. Tikhonov, and M. V. Feigel'man, Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model with quadratic perturbations: The route to a non-Fermi liquid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 236601 (2018).
  53. A. Altland, D. Bagrets, and A. Kamenev, Quantum criticality of granular Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 106601 (2019).
  54. A. V. Lunkin, A. Y. Kitaev, and M. V. Feigel'man, Perturbed Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model: A polaron in the hyperbolic plane, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 196602 (2020).
  55. D. V. Khveshchenko, The gloria mundi of SYK does not transit yet, Lith. J. Phys. 62, 81 (2022).
  56. L. S. Levitov and G. B. Lesovik, Charge distribution in quantum shot noise, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 58, 225 (1993) [JETP Lett. 58, 225 (1993)].
  57. L. S. Levitov, H. Lee, and G. B. Lesovik, Electron counting statistics and coherent states of electric current, J. Math. Phys. 37, 4845 (1996).
  58. Y. V. Nazarov and D. A. Bagrets, Circuit theory for full counting statistics in multiterminal circuits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 196801 (2002).
  59. D. A. Bagrets and Y. V. Nazarov, Full counting statistics of charge transfer in Coulomb blockade systems, Phys. Rev. B 67, 085316 (2003).
  60. Y. V. Nazarov and M. Kindermann, Full counting statistics of a general quantum mechanical variable, Eur. Phys. J. B 35, 413 (2003).
  61. M. Kindermann and S. Pilgram, Statistics of heat transfer in mesoscopic circuits, Phys. Rev. B 69, 155334 (2004).
  62. D. Golubev, T. Faivre, and J. P. Pekola, Heat transport through a Josephson junction, Phys. Rev. B 87, 094522 (2013).
  63. P. Wollfarth, A. Shnirman, and Y. Utsumi, Distribution of energy dissipated by a driven two-level system, Phys. Rev. B 90, 165411 (2014).
  64. P. Wollfarth, Y. Utsumi, and A. Shnirman, Analysis of the conditional average and conditional variance of dissipated energy in the driven spin-boson model, Phys. Rev. B 96, 064302 (2017).
  65. S. Pilgram, A. N. Jordan, E. V. Sukhorukov, and M. Büttiker, Stochastic path integral formulation of full counting statistics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 206801 (2003).
  66. S. Pilgram, Electron-electron scattering effects on the full counting statistics of mesoscopic conductors, Phys. Rev. B 69, 115315 (2004).
  67. M. A. Laakso, T. T. Heikkilä, and Y. V. Nazarov, Fully overheated single-electron transistor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 196805 (2010).
  68. M. A. Laakso, T. T. Heikkilä, and Y. V. Nazarov, Giant current fluctuations in an overheated single-electron transistor, Phys. Rev. B 82, 205316 (2010).
  69. M. A. Laakso, T. T. Heikkilä, and Y. V. Nazarov, Theory of temperature fluctuation statistics in superconductor-normal metal tunnel structures, Phys. Rev. B 85, 184521 (2012).
  70. J. P. Pekola and B. Karimi, Colloquium: Quantum heat transport in condensed matter systems, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 041001 (2021).
  71. G. Benenti, G. Casati, K. Saito, and R. S. Whitney, Fundamental aspects of steady-state conversion of heat to work at the nanoscale, Phys. Rep. 694, 1 (2017).
  72. D. B. Karki and M. N. Kiselev, Full counting statistics of the two-stage Kondo effect, Phys. Rev. B 98, 165443 (2018).
  73. A. Kamenev, Field Theory of Non-Equilibrium Systems (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2011).
  74. T. A. Costi and V. Zlatić, Thermoelectric transport through strongly correlated quantum dots, Phys. Rev. B 81, 235127 (2010).
  75. K. A. Matveev and A. V. Andreev, Thermopower of a single-electron transistor in the regime of strong inelastic cotunneling, Phys. Rev. B 66, 045301 (2002).
  76. R. Sánchez, B. Sothmann, A. N. Jordan, and M. Büttiker, Correlations of heat and charge currents in quantum-dot thermoelectric engines, New J. Phys. 15, 125001 (2013).
  77. F. Battista, F. Haupt, and J. Splettstoesser, Correlations between charge and energy current in ac-driven coherent conductors, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 568, 052008 (2014).
  78. A. Crépieux and F. Michelini, Mixed, charge and heat noises in thermoelectric nanosystems, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27, 015302 (2015).
  79. Y. V. Nazarov and Y. M. Blanter, Quantum Transport: Introduction to Nanoscience (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2009).
  80. P. Eymeoud and A. Crepieux, Mixed electrical-heat noise spectrum in a quantum dot, Phys. Rev. B 94, 205416 (2016).
  81. A. Crepieux, Electronic heat current fluctuations in a quantum dot, Phys. Rev. B 103, 045427 (2021).
  82. D. B. Karki and M. N. Kiselev, Quantum thermoelectric and heat transport in the overscreened Kondo regime: Exact conformal field theory results, Phys. Rev. B 102, 241402(R) (2020).
  83. K. B. Efetov and A. Tschersich, Coulomb effects in granular materials at not very low temperatures, Phys. Rev. B 67, 174205 (2003).
  84. T. G. Mertens, G. J. Turiaci, and H. L. Verlinde, Solving the Schwarzian via the conformal bootstrap, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2017) 136.
  85. G. A. R. van Dalum, A. K. Mitchell, and L. Fritz, Wiedemann-Franz law in a non-Fermi liquid and Majorana central charge: Thermoelectric transport in a two-channel Kondo system, Phys. Rev. B 102, 041111(R) (2020).
  86. M. N. Kiselev, Generalized Wiedemann-Franz law in a two-site charge Kondo circuit: Lorenz ratio as a manifestation of the orthogonality catastrophe, Phys. Rev. B 108, L081108 (2023).
  87. T. K. T. Nguyen and M. N. Kiselev, Thermoelectric transport in a three-channel charge Kondo circuit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 026801 (2020).
  88. D. B. Karki, Coulomb blockade oscillations of heat conductance in the charge Kondo regime, Phys. Rev. B 102, 245430 (2020).
  89. F. Stäbler and E. Sukhorukov, Mesoscopic heat multiplier and fractionalizer, Phys. Rev. B 108, 235405 (2023).
  90. P. W. Anderson, Infrared catastrophe in Fermi gases with local scattering potentials, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18, 1049 (1967).
  91. G. D. Mahan, Excitons in metals: Infinite hole mass, Phys. Rev. 163, 612 (1967).
  92. A. Furusaki and K. A. Matveev, Theory of strong inelastic cotunneling, Phys. Rev. B 52, 16676 (1995).
  93. N. V. Gnezdilov, M. Diez, M. J. Pacholski, and C. W. J. Beenakker, Wiedemann-Franz-type relation between shot noise and thermal conduction of Majorana surface states in a three-dimensional topological superconductor, Phys. Rev. B 94, 115415 (2016).
  94. T. K. T. Nguyen, J. Rech, T. Martin, and M. N. Kiselev, Noises in a two-channel charge kondo model, Phys. Rev. B 113, 075430 (2026).
  95. R. Scheibner, H. Buhmann, D. Reuter, M. N. Kiselev, and L. W. Molenkamp, Thermopower of a Kondo spin-correlated quantum dot, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 176602 (2005).
  96. D. B. Karki and M. N. Kiselev, Thermoelectric transport through a SU(N) Kondo impurity, Phys. Rev. B 96, 121403(R) (2017).
  97. L. Arrachea, A. Braggio, P. Burset, E. J. H. Lee, A. Levy Yeyati, and R. Sánchez, Thermoelectric processes of quantum normal-superconductor interfaces, Ann. Phys. 537, e00197 (2025).
  98. Y. Fang, S. Sur, Y. Xie, and Q. Si, Nonlinear thermal and thermoelectric transport from quantum geometry, arXiv:2505.16999.
  99. Y. Kleeorin, H. Thierschmann, H. Buhmann, A. Georges, L. W. Molenkamp, and Y. Meir, How to measure the entropy of a mesoscopic system via thermoelectric transport, Nat. Commun. 10, 5801 (2019).
  100. A. Gleis, S.-S. B. Lee, G. Kotliar, and J. von Delft, Dynamical scaling and Planckian dissipation due to heavy-fermion quantum criticality, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 106501 (2025).
  101. A. Kamenev and Y. Gefen, Zero-bias anomaly in finite-size systems, Phys. Rev. B 54, 5428 (1996).
  102. Y. V. Nazarov, Coulomb blockade without tunnel junctions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1245 (1999).
  103. R. Fazio, F. W. J. Hekking, and D. E. Khmelnitskii, Anomalous thermal transport in quantum wires, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5611 (1998).
  104. H. Wang, D. Bagrets, A. L. Chudnovskiy, and A. Kamenev, On the replica structure of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2019) 057.

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation