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Nonlocal transport from nonlinear valley responses

Jin Cao1, Hui Wang2, Shen Lai1,*, Cong Xiao3,†, and Shengyuan A. Yang4

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China
  • 2Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
  • 3Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Physics and Information Sciences (ICTPIS), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • 4Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

  • *Contact author: laishen@um.edu.mo
  • †Contact author: congxiao@fudan.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. B 112, L121404 – Published 18 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pjmx-rmnt

Abstract

We propose a theory for nonlocal measurements of the nonlinear valley Hall effect (VHE). In contrast to the well-known reciprocity between direct and inverse VHEs in linear responses, we unveil that the nonlinear inverse VHE needed to generate nonlocal voltage is not reciprocal to the nonlinear VHE it probes, but rather has distinct symmetry characters and physical origins. Particularly, while all previously studied VHEs are valley-odd, the nonlinear inverse VHE is valley-even. This fundamental distinction gives rise to unprecedented scaling behaviors in valley mediated nonlocal transport, providing essential experimental hallmarks of nonlinear valley responses. Layer groups that permit the proposed nonlocal valley responses are identified. Sizable nonlocal signals from nonlinear valley responses are revealed in bilayer Td−WTe2 through first-principles calculations. Our work lays a foundation for all-electrical detection of nonlinear valley-charge interconversion, which constitutes the basis of emerging nonlinear valleytronics.

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