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Scalable tight-binding model for strained graphene

Ming-Hao Liu (劉明豪)1,*, Christophe De Beule2,3,†, Alina Mreńca-Kolasińska4, Hsin-You Wu (吳欣祐)1, Aitor Garcia-Ruiz (艾飛宇)1, Denis Kochan1,‡, and Klaus Richter5

  • *Contact author: minghao.liu@phys.ncku.edu.tw
  • †Contact author: christophe.debeule@uantwerpen.be
  • ‡Contact author: denis.kochan@phys.ncku.edu.tw

Phys. Rev. B 113, 195429 – Published 18 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ntf2-5dyw

Abstract

We generalize the scalable tight-binding model for graphene, which allows for efficient quantum transport simulations in the Dirac regime, to account for elastic strain. We show that the original scalable model with scaling factor s is readily applicable to strained graphene, provided that the displacement fields corresponding to the deformed graphene lattice are properly scaled. In particular, we show that the long-wavelength theory remains invariant when the strain tensor is scaled by s. This is achieved in practice by scaling the in-plane displacement fields by s, while the out-of-plane displacements have to be scaled by s. We confirm these scaling laws by extensive numerical simulations, starting with the pseudomagnetic field and the local density of states for different scaled lattices. The latter allows us to study pseudo-Landau levels as well as hybrid Landau levels in the presence of an external magnetic field. Finally, we consider quantum transport simulations motivated by a recent experiment, where a uniaxial strain barrier is engineered in monolayer graphene by vertically misaligned gates. Our work generalizes the scalable tight-binding model to allow for efficient modeling of quantum transport in large-scale strained graphene devices.

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