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Theory of two-qubit T2 spectroscopy of quantum many-body systems

Hossein Hosseinabadi1,*,†, Pavel E. Dolgirev2, Sarang Gopalakrishnan3, Amir Yacoby2, Eugene Demler4, and Jamir Marino1,5

  • *Contact author: hossein@pks.mpg.de
  • †Present address: Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany.

Phys. Rev. B 114, 214416 – Published 16 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nql5-tb4m

Abstract

Multiqubit quantum sensors are rapidly emerging as platforms that extend the capabilities of conventional single-qubit sensing. In this work we show how suitable pulse sequences applied to a two-qubit sensor enable separate extraction of the response and noise of a probed environment within a T2 spectroscopy framework. By resorting to representative examples, we demonstrate that this approach can resolve the spatiotemporal spreading of correlations in a many-body system. In particular, the resulting correlated dephasing signal captures features such as the dispersion of low-energy excitations, which manifest as light-cone-like profiles in the propagation of correlations. We further show that nonequilibrium conditions, for instance those induced by external driving, can modify this profile by producing additional fringes outside the light-cone. As a complementary application, we demonstrate that the method clearly distinguishes between different transport regimes in the system, including ballistic spreading, diffusive broadening, and the crossover between them.

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