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    Protocol for detecting the nonlocality of multi-Majorana systems

    Bai-Ting Liu1,2,*, Peng Qian3,*, Zhan Cao3, and Dong E. Liu1,2,3,4,†

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: dongeliu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 113, 195414 – Published 14 May, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nc2m-z39w

    Abstract

    Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are non-Abelian quasiparticles with the potential to serve as topological qubits for fault-tolerant quantum computing due to their ability to encode quantum information nonlocally. In multi-Majorana systems configured into two separated subsystems, nontrivial quantum correlations persist, but the presence of trivial Andreev bound states can obscure this nonlocality if MZM preparation fails. To address this, we propose a protocol using an entanglement witness based solely on parity measurements to distinguish the nonlocal characteristics of MZM systems. Our framework is motivated by experimentally relevant parity-measurement architectures and can be implemented in principle, although a full feasibility analysis is left for future work. In a six-site system, the protocol achieves a detection probability of approximately 18% for a matched parity sector. Finally, we present preliminary numerical evidence that the witness retains partial detection power under quasiparticle poisoning, while acknowledging that other imperfections such as intersubsystem overlap remain a serious limitation.

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